yahya mohajer

The study of micro-cultures in the field of drug use, compared to other studies, not only in Iran, but also in other countries, has given a small contribution to the studies. Despite the existence of this research gap resulting from the study of personality traits about micro-cultures and norms that encourage substance consumption.

The purpose of this research was to compare Cloninger's personality traits in drug addicts in different cultures.

This research was descriptive-comparative. The population studied in this research included men aged 20 to 40 who use drugs from four subcultures: Gilak, Talesh, Kurd, and others (Persia). 300 of them were selected by purposeful sampling. All of them completed the personality traits questionnaire of Cloninger et al. (1993). Finally, descriptive statistics and multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) were used to describe the data.

The results showed that there is no significant difference in personality traits between any of the different cultures (P>0.05). This means that it can be said that addicts of different ethnicities had similar personality traits.

Finally, based on the results of the present study, it can be said that substance-dependent people in different cultures in the present study had similar personality characteristics, and therefore, knowledge of these results can be important for personality psychologists, sociologists, and other professionals.

Identifying ethnic and personality facilitation factors in drug use help to better diagnose and treat addiction identifying facilitation factors. It provides timely counseling, and psychological services can be partially preventable for addicts. This study aimed to investigate factors facilitating drug use based on ethnic and personality characteristics of Guilan province using the Cloninger personality system.

The study population consisted of four subcultures of Guilak, Talesh (Turk), Kord and others called Fars. The sampling method in this study was a mixed-method; the sample size was at least 200 people. The present study used data in the field section of Cloninger's personality and character questionnaire to determine personality components and their relationship. They were used with current norms. This study used in-depth interviews, observation and review of documents (questionnaires) and conventional oral literature on drug use.

This study showed that between ethnic facilitation factors (drug and drug counseling, folk beliefs in oral literature, and beliefs about rituals and companionship) and personality traits (nature and character), except the avoidance factor at the significant level of 0.01, there was a significant and positive relationship. Variables of personality traits/"nature and character" and components of perseverance, novelty, reward-dependence, self-direction, cooperation can predict common beliefs in the propensity to medication and therapy. The personality facilitator variable of "nature and character" and all its components, except for themselves, was able to predict the popular beliefs existing in oral literature. The personality facilitator variable of "nature and character" and the components of novelty, reward-dependence, and cooperation could predict common beliefs about rituals and companionship.

Research showed a significant relationship between ethnicity and propensity for drug and drug counseling, popular beliefs in oral literature, and celebration and celebration beliefs.

The study purposes to provide a pattern for agriculture education program in the ministry of Agriculture-jihad. The study is applied conducted through mixed method research design. Semi- structured interview, focus group and descriptive – analytical methods have been used in the qualitative and quantitative sections, respectively. The quantitative research population includes as many as 1600 agent in agriculture system of which driven 393 people as a sample by Cochran's formula. Purposive sampling is used for qualitative and cluster sampling for quantitative sampling. To gather the data in qualitative section, we used interview and researcher made questionnaire for quantitative one. Since the analysis was two phases exploratory, therefore, we used systematic coding for qualitative section and mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation to describe the data and T Test, Structural modeling, Factor Analysis in inferential part. Qualitative findings showed primitive constituent aspects of rural educational planning pattern involve 8 principal components and 32 indices. The quantitative findings showed there is a significant difference between empirical mean and desired one at the 0.01 level in all components and present rural education was not appropriate. The results of two phases Confirmatory Factor Analysis of construct validity and measurement models showed identified components and sub – components have fit and adequate factor loading to determine planning education program pattern for beneficiaries in ministry of agriculture-jihad.

The present research has been done in order to investigate the impact of teaching life skills based on Quran (branch of mental health in female and male relationships) on the high school girls’ attitude towards friendship with the opposite sex. For this purpose, a research was conducted in the form of a quasi-experimental plan with pre-test and post-test and follow-up test in two groups.
The statistical population of this research consisted of all students of high schools existing in the second region of Tehran Municipality. The statistical sample included 60 students from two different levels in the same school, i.e. two class groups from the 9th level and two class groups from the 10th level were selected by accessible sampling. Samples were randomly assigned to the controlling group and the experimenting group. The instrument used for this test was a researcher made questionnaire (on the attitude towards building relationship before the marriage) consisting of 30 questions.
Repeated measures analysis of variance was used to analyze data. The research findings showed that teaching life skills based on Quran (branch of mental health in female and male relationships) has had an impact on the variable of high school girls’ attitude towards friendship with the opposite sex. Besides, analyzing the statistical data indicates the significance of the changes in the index of high school girls’ attitude towards friendship with the opposite sex.

The aim of the study is to provide an appropriate model for rural adult education in the country. The research is in the applied research category which was performed by exploratory hybridization method. The methodology of the research was focal group, semi-structured interview and descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population of the study consisted of 1600 rural education providers. Cluster randomized sampling method was used. The qualitative data were collected through a semi-structured interview and focused participants, and in the small part of the questionnaire, a researcher made questionnaire and 393 samples were selected using the Cochran formula. To analyze the research data, the qualitative section of the systematic coding method was used and in the quantitative section descriptive statistics, Utest, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation model were used. The qualitative research findings showed that the early components of the proper model of the adult education program of the country's villagers were 8 components and 32 sub-components.In the quantitative part, Mann-Whitney test showed that there was a significant difference between the mean and the average of all components in the 1% level, and the present status of the training of the villagers was not favorable.The results of two phases of the confirmatory factor analysis of the components also showed that the components, sub-components identified have a sufficient load factor to predict the villager's education program in the country, as well as the fitting indicators of the rural education program model shows the developed model It has a good fit.

Considering the fact that women commitment to marital life plays a significant role in family stability, the present study is aimed at comparing identity styles of committed and non-committed women. With that in view, 10 unfaithful women who had been suspended in Fardis Prison, and 10 faithful women who had referred to Arvin Counseling Center were purposively selected. Semi-structured interviews were used for data collection, and the data was analyzed through content analysis of the taken notes. Based on the findings of the study, there were differences between the two groups of faithful and unfaithful women with regard to determining indices of identity style, i.e., religious, political, and occupational attitudes as well as description of self, decision-making method, goals and future plans, future outlook, emotions in making major decisions, selection of friends, and attitudes towards gender. Considering the mentioned features and their distribution, we can conclude that the dominant identity style of non-committed women of this study is avoidant/diffuse identity style and for committed women it is informative identity style.

This research investigated the effect of cooperative and E5 teaching methods on academic achievement and social skills of fifth grade male elementary school students in empirical science course، in Gouchan city، in academic year 2012-2013. The applied method was quasi-experimental one. The study tools were the educational texts، researcher-made academic achievement and social skills tests whose content and face validities had been confirmed by relative experts. The reliability of the academic achievement test was estimated by Kuder-Richardson20 method as KR20=0. 79 and the reliability of the social skills was examined as KR20=0. 90. Data were، then، analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The results showed that there was a significant difference between the mean scores of academic achievement and social skills of students who were taught by E5 teaching method and those being taught by Cooperative teaching method. In other word، E5 method had a more noticeable effect on academic improvement and cooperative method was more effective in social skills.

Studies of internationalmathematics achievement such as the Trends in Mathematicsand Science Study (TIMSS) have employed classical test theory and item responsetheory to rank individuals within a latent ability continuum. Although these approacheshave provided insights into comparisons between countries, they have yet toexamine howspecific attributemastery affects student performance and howthey canprovide information for curricular instruction. In the 2007 administration of TIMSS,two benchmark participants—Massachusetts andMinnesota—were tested followingthe same procedural methods, providing an opportunity for comparison within andacross the United States. Overall comparison of their performance showed Massachusettsand Minnesota to significantly outperform the United States. However,this article shows that there is a greater wealth of fine-grained information that canbe translated directly for classroom application at the attribute level when a cognitivediagnostic model (CDM) such as the deterministic, inputs, noisy, “and” gate (Junker& Sijtsma, 2001) model is used. Results showed a significant disparity betweenproportions of correctly answering and mastering skills required to solve an item.Advantages ofCDMsare discussed aswell as a CDM-basedmethod to filter distractorresponse categories that can aid instructors to diagnose a student’s attribute mastery.

Young Researchers Club of Islamic Azad University plays a major role in Iran’s education system with the purpose of helping young Iranian talents to thrive and prosper, identifying young researchers, and supporting, fostering and guiding them in order to promote their knowledge and reveal their creativity. Considering the key role of this institution, the present research aims to carry out an internal evaluation of the Club so that a documentary and scientific investigation of the current status of the Club and the distance it has with its predetermined goals could be conducted. Therefore, after the inputting, processing, and outputting goals were identified, 10 factors consisting of 30 criteria and 83 indicators were provided at three levels of ‘undesirable, relatively desirable, and desirable’ with respect to the Organizational Elements Model and the viewpoints of the internal evaluation committee. At the next stage, 2 questionnaires were used to survey 1093 people including heads and members of the Club by employing codified factors and indicators. After sampling the collected data which involved a complete census (for heads) and random sampling (for the Club members), the data collection process was carried out. Using descriptive statistical method for the status quo, input, process, and output factors were evaluated as ‘relatively desirable’. It can be concluded that, in general, the Young Researchers Club is in a ‘relatively desirable’ status.Discussion and In addition to determining the Club’s status and the distance it has with its goals, revealing the strengths and weaknesses of the Young Researchers Club of the Islamic Azad University can be a starting point for the qualitative improvement of the status quo. This research is the best document to be used by the Club in order to plan the necessary changes. This can be possible only when all units across the country make contributions, since applying changes and efforts to make promotions and transformations are collaborative processes, just the same as evaluation.

TThe purpose of this study was to examine the impact of active teaching methods on the social problem solving skills‚ and comparison of the impact of teaching method of problem solving and discovery on social problem– solving skills of the fifth grade primary students in Kerman city. The research tool is a questionnaire which its test-retest reliability was between 0.68 to 0.91 and its alpha coefficient was between 0.69 to 0.95. The results showed that the grades of post- test performed for both groups of teaching method of problem solving and teaching method of discovery have a significant difference in the level of 0.05 with controlling pre-test influence statistically and it improves the average value of problem solving method more than this value in the discovery methods in these students by 95 percent. Significant difference has been showed between social problem solving in the aspect of positive and negative orientation and in the aspect of being careless/ impulsiveness in those students who were taught by problem. Solving method with those students who were taught by the discovery method did not confirm. Significant difference in social problem solving in the aspect of reasonable solution of problem and aspect of avoidance method in those students who were taught by problem-solving method with those students who were taught by the discovery method benefit to problem solving comfirmed.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of instructing the components of self-regulated learning strategies on self-efficiency of high school students. The research population comprised 1093 grade three male students. The research sample consisted of 60 subjects who were randomly selected using cluster sampling method. The sample randomly assigned into four different levels of independent variable and control group. Cognitive strategies were assigned to group one, metacognitive strategies were assigned to group two, motivational strategies were assigned to group three and resource management strategies were assigned to group four. The Sherer’s test of self-regulation was used as pretest and posttest. Results showed that instruction of the components of self-regulated strategies were effective on self-efficiency and promoted it