طراحی

Given that one of the applications of artificial intelligence in education lies in curriculum design, the present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the role of artificial intelligence in curriculum design.

This study was qualitative in terms of the method of data and information collection, which was conducted using a systematic review method and by searching for the keywords; design, curriculum, role, and artificial intelligence and their equivalents in English in articles published from 2000 to 2024 available in the databases of Google Scholar, Springer, Magiran, SID Scopus, Science Direct, Civica, and IranDoc. After analyzing the information obtained from the aforementioned databases, out of a total of 103 sources obtained, 54 sources were selected for the final review after removing irrelevant sources.

The findings of the present study indicate that; Integrating AI into curriculum design involves using AI technologies to design, implement, and optimize curricula. By using AI capabilities in curriculum to analyze data, generate content, and provide continuous feedback, teachers can improve the quality of instruction and better meet the needs of their students.

Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that AI-based curriculum creates more personalized, efficient, and compelling learning experiences and plays a transformative role in curriculum design by personalizing learning, educational efficiency, data-driven decisions, alignment with educational standards, and continuous learning improvement.

Teaching culture is defined as the belief in the teacher's ability to facilitate learners' achievement of high levels of thinking or independent thinking. This research was done with the aim of designing and validating a tool for measuring teaching culture in the higher education system. The current research is of a mixed type, the statistical population of the qualitative part includes expert faculty members, and the quantitative part includes all faculty members of Islamic Azad Universities of Mazandaran. In the qualitative section, 13 samples were selected using a targeted method, and in the quantitative section, 301 samples were selected using a stratified random method. After interviewing 13 people, data saturation was achieved. The categories were identified and coded through interviews, and based on that, a questionnaire with 3dimensions and 54 items was designed. After that, the face, content and structural validity of the questionnaire was checked, Cronbach's alpha and composite reliability tests were used to determine the reliability of the questionnaire with the help of Smartpls4 and spss23 software. First, the form and content validity of the questionnaire was checked and 16 questions were removed and 38 questions remained, after that the structural validity was examined. The results showed that the factor loading of all questions was above 0.6 and the average extracted variance was above 0.5, as well as the reliability of both criteria of all dimensions was above 0.7and finally the questionnaire Confirmed with 38 questions. Universities and higher education institutions can use the tools designed to measure the state of teaching culture dimensions in order to strengthen and improve educational quality.

plan in any field, is a platform for growth, regulates activities and even regulates rules and relationships. The purpose of this research is to design and present the organization's strategic planning model based on capabilities and capacities in Isfahan Sugar Company. The research method is exploratory in terms of results and practical utility, and qualitative and quantitative in terms of the type of data. Also, in terms of time horizon, the research is a cross-sectional type of research. The statistical population of the research includes all managers (34 people) and senior experts (12 people) of Isfahan Sugar Company, 20 people were selected as a sample based on the non-random sampling method. The tools used in this research include a researcher-made questionnaire to identify internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. The validity of questionnaires is the content that was confirmed by experts. The data was analyzed by Excel software. The findings of the research showed that the company is weak in the field of internal factors and is facing threats in the field of external factors. Also, the position of the company in the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors was determined in house number 5, therefore the strategy of maintenance and stability was recommended for the company. Based on the attractiveness score in the QSPM matrix, each of the strategies was prioritized as follows: 1- Development of sugar beet cultivation (regional and extra-regional), 2- Penetration in the market and 3- Development of management systems.

 A textbook is like a carpet, the more delicately and accurately it is woven, the more beautiful and bright it will be. In this regard, the concept of Pedagogical content knowledge (PCK), with its various knowledges, opens new windows to design and composing it. Also, different patterns and elements of instructional design play an important role in curriculum planning, designing and presenting concepts and materials. Stylistics also specifically deals with the text and combines two types of scientific and creative writing. The problem of this research is "weakness of authorship" in textbooks; In other words, the authors compose more based on their taste and less follow a specific theoretical framework. Its purpose is to introduce the scientific and practical basics of how to write a textbook.

 The research method is qualitative and its kind is applied, and in each section of this article, some criteria are given for how to design and compile a textbook.

 This thesis also has two aspects, scientific and artistic, and the creation of literary pleasure and defamiliarization in the image and text of the book have been emphasized. At the end, paragraph as a unit of reading, writing and thinking are examined in terms of style and structure, so that the background for more edited and refined writing can be found.

 The result of this research is drawing a theoretical-practical framework for designing, compiling and authoring a textbook and presenting some criteria or standards for it. 

The purpose of this study was to explain the security status of the infrastructures of Iranian football stadiums with emphasis on technology.

The present study was applied - descriptive and correlational. The statistical population of the study was the experts in holding the matches of the Iranian Football Premier League, who in total, 120 people answered the modified questionnaire on the security of football stadiums by Faraji (2014). Data was analyzed by using descriptive statistics, one-sample T-test (p≤ 0.05) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) methods.

According to the results, stadium infrastructure (p< 0.05 and t = 8.82) is one of the important factors in securing football stadiums and technology (p< 0.05 and t = 10.81) and stadium design and construction (p< 0.05 and t = 9.27) with factor loads 0.84 and 0.75, respectively, are two sub-factors related to infrastructure that are effective in creating stadium security. According to the results, the status of infrastructure and technology factors was lower than average and the factor of design and construction evaluated as average.

Based on the results, the condition of the infrastructure of the country's football stadiums in terms of technology is not appropriate and it is suggested to football officials to prioritize the infrastructure of this sport in order to improve the security of football stadiums. Also, in the reconstruction or construction of new stadiums, pay attention to the design and construction of the stadium and the use of advanced security technologies in their construction, control and administration.

This study examines the impact of urban products on enhancing individuals' connection to their cities and strengthening social bonds among residents. To this end, a thorough review of the EMERALD, WOS, and EBSCO academic databases was conducted, focusing on documents published from 2013 to November 2022. Out of an initial 1532 articles, 14 key articles were selected for final review after several stages of evaluation. The findings showed that urban products play a significant role in increasing citizens' sense of belonging to their cities and positively influencing their quality of life and satisfaction levels. This research provides insights for urban policy-making, planning, and branding processes, emphasizing the importance of considering the role of product designers as a crucial part of urban design. These designers can help strengthen the bond between citizens and their cities and enhance social cohesion. The originality of this research lies in its systematic approach to understanding the impact of urban products on city attachment and social bonds.

The research was conducted to design and validate the model of sustainable tourism curriculum in higher education with a mixed research method. First, the meta-composite method was used, the qualitative research community in the synthesis process includes all the works published in this field from 2000 to 2024 in the valid database including 66 documents. Member control method and agreement coefficient equal to 75% were used for validation data. Findings in the ten elements of the sustainable tourism curriculum were presented and verified based on the views of tourism experts and curriculum planning through semi-structured interviews. Then the data was validated using the exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis model. The statistical population, all experts in the field of tourism and curriculum planning, doctoral students of both fields and the participating sample of 150 people from 24 universities in the fields of curriculum planning and tourism were selected with a simple random sampling approach. The validity of the questionnaire was calculated and confirmed by the Lauche method and its reliability was 96.8% through Cronbach's alpha test.Findings include six themes, conceptual (concepts dynamic), entrepreneurial (intelligent action), naturalistic (responsible behavior), strategic (management strategies), sociological (understanding the relationship with issues), and humanistic (human values) It was shown that by focusing on them, curriculum elements were designed about the fundamental assumptions for sustainability, creating opportunities and innovation in learning, learning outcomes, and students' preparation for practical action. Each area defined by the research findings in its place, according to the many trends in the field of tourism, has the richness of the elements of the sustainable tourism curriculum and can be used.

The mechanical engineering curriculum, at both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels, has been revised twice in the last decade. Despite these updates, its core foundation remains based on older models. While there have been some minor adjustments, such as adding or removing a few courses, these changes don not keep pace with the rapid advancements seen globally. The present paper conducts a comparative analysis of the new mechanical engineering curriculum with those of four foreign universities. It identifies deficiencies and discrepancies in meeting the current needs of the engineering community within the country and anticipation of future developments. Additionally, the article provides practical recommendations aimed at improving the efficiency and modernization of the curriculum. These recommendations span various areas, including general enhancements, changes in titles, addressing existing shortcomings, and advocating for a revamped approval process for disciplinary curricula. Importantly, the most important shortcoming in the curriculum is ignoring design concepts and engineering principles.  The suggestions can  be implemented for other engineering disciplines.

Introduction :

Driving behavior refers to a set of actions and reactions that are relatively stable, visible, measured, and predicted by humans in the field of traffic and the use of transportation systems, which are caused by external stimuli, either software or hardware, on how they and other road users move. It affects and can have positive or negative effects on the flow of traffic. In this research, attention has been turned from a linear view of the problem to a non-linear and multifactorial view. This research seeks to investigate driving behavior using simulation based on the dynamic system approach. The main goal of the article is to present a practical model resulting from the design of driving behavior in Tehran city in interaction with road and technology elements.

In order to achieve this goal, while studying the literature and background of the subject and reviewing the available documents and data, the most important driving behavior variables were collected and based on this, the dynamic hypotheses of the model were identified and selected. In the following, cause and effect diagrams and accumulation-flow diagrams were drawn and mathematical functions related to the relationship of model variables were extracted. In this research, the opinions of experts in different executive departments were used in the form of semi-open interviews. The main part of the required data has been collected and analyzed from the existing data banks in the traffic related units of Tehran. At the end, after testing the dynamic model using Vansim software, different scenarios were proposed to apply the model. The results of the selected scenarios show improvement in variables related to driving behavior in the short term and its reduction in the long term.

The results of the implementation of the dynamic model created for two sets of scenarios, one set has two scenarios (including the variables of economic growth and productivity) and the second set has three scenarios (including the variables of investment speed in technology, depreciation speed technology and the speed of technology growth), determined and showed that the greatest impact on the growth rate of automobile technology is affected by the increase in investment in this field; The effectiveness of preventive technology depends more than any variable on the speed of technology development, and in the matter of accidents, although all the changes in the mentioned situations are important and lead to a reduction in accidents, other analyzes showed that this reduction will decrease over time. And its changes will be close to zero (it will not be equal to zero, but it is close to it) and it is necessary to compensate for this by using other variables such as police authority.

The results obtained can be expressed as follows: First, the promotion of order, which can be considered as a function of attention to safety and the promotion of public culture, and can be achieved as a result of the increase in national income per capita, is an effective factor on reducing accidents; Secondly, the promotion of preventive technologies will play a significant role in increasing driving safety and thus reducing accidents, and thirdly, increasing the capacity of roads cannot play an effective role in reducing the rate of accidents and sometimes it will have the opposite result.Based on this and relying on the introduced model and the findings derived from its implementation, it can be suggested that the more the investment in automobile technology increases, the more products will improve, its effectiveness and growth. Also, the speed of growth of automobile technology can further strengthen the preventive role of technology. It seems that even if the country has a significant growth in its income, it will not be possible to solve the traffic problem through the development of urban infrastructure.

The current research was conducted with the aim of designing a tool for assessment " Designing and Constructing a Tool for "Psychosocial Risks of Workplace" in 2023.

This research was conducted by reviewing the upstream texts and also by asking the opinions of experts (20 experts) in a mixed exploratory type of tool development. In order to collect data in the qualitative part, in addition to reviewing the texts, a semi-structured interview was also used, and in the quantitative part, the compiled tool of the qualitative part was used as the foundation of the research, and this way the qualitative part was mixed with the quantitative part. The method of data analysis was thematic analysis, calculation of CVR, CVI, IS, DP and IC.

The findings of the qualitative part by reviewing the above documents showed the number of 69 effective components in psycho-social risks and their effects on the evaluation of the work environment, based on which the initial pool was prepared with 83 items. After providing the initial pool of items to the experts, the findings of the CVI and CVR review showed that 31 items were not of the required quality according to the experts and were removed. Regarding IS, DP and IC, values higher than 1.5, 1 and 0.7 were obtained for all the remaining 52 items, respectively.

In general, it can be said that the prepared 52-item form has the necessary conditions for examination at the level of the main sample of the target group, and it can be used in a large sample of the target group to achieve the final structure and norm scores.

The purpose of this research was to design and validate a model for improving attention deficit and hyperactivity in primary school students of Ardabil City. The research was applied in terms of purpose, mixed in terms of the nature of data, and exploratory in terms of execution method. In the qualitative part, the semi-structured interview and database theory have been used. The statistical population of the qualitative section was university professors and experts in the field of school counseling and educational sciences, 15 of whom were selected based on the principle of opinion saturation. The statistical population in the quantitative section was all the primary school teachers of Ardabil City in the academic year of 2023-2024 in the number of 2600 people, according to Morgan's table, 335 of them were selected based on stratified random sampling. The data collection tool in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire resulting from the refined concepts obtained from the primary codes. The data sets obtained after the continuous process of open, central, and selective coding were organized in the form of 156 open codes, 146 concepts, 12 categories and 6 classes based on a systematic approach. The findings of the research show the improvement pattern of attention deficit and hyperactivity in elementary school students of Ardabil city under the categories of personal and psychological characteristics, motor skills, social skills, attention deficit disorder, educational strategies at the individual level, educational strategies at the interpersonal and communication level, pharmaceutical interventions and nutrition, physiological and behavioral interventions, psychological control, strengthening motor and physical abilities, psychological growth and social participation were categorized and fit in terms of validation (p<0.05). Finally, it is suggested that the results of this research be used as a guide and a general path to improve attention deficit and hyperactivity by specialists in schools and in other centers such as psychological service centers, counseling and psychotherapy clinics, welfare centers, universities, etc. Use existing situations and contexts.

Education and educational environments wield immense influence over societal mentality and civilization, notably through cultural and social lenses. Fostering a dynamic, creative education nurtures children's intellectual, social, cultural, and creative growth. Crucially, reforming educational structures necessitates the meticulous design of spaces intricately linked to students' activities, finely attuned to optimize the holistic growth—physical, mental, emotional, and social—of children. This research endeavors to introduce a comprehensive model for the design of group educational spaces, emphasizing the active participation of preschool children throughout the design process. Employing a nuanced amalgamation of quantitative and qualitative methodologies, the study underscored the pivotal role of architectural education, revealing starkly divergent outcomes between control and test groups. Physical elements, such as the interplay of color schemes, spatial configurations, and the predilection for well-illuminated, open spaces adorned with natural light and transparent architectural elements, emerged prominently. Additionally, the study unveiled the paramount importance of fostering spaces conducive to peer dialogue, artistic expression, comfort-enhancing large cushions, personalized areas, circular tables, and verdant, green surroundings. These insights pave the way for shaping educational spaces to meet children's needs, fostering an enriched and inclusive learning environment through their active involvement.

The purpose of this research was to design and validate the model of dealing with depression in second year high school students of Ardabil city.The research was applied in terms of purpose, mixed in terms of the nature of data, and exploratory in terms of execution method.The statistical population of the qualitative section was university professors in the field of counseling, 15 of whom were purposefully selected based on the principle of opinion saturation.The statistical population in the quantitative section was all 500 secondary school teachers of Ardabil city, of which 217 were selected according to Cochran's formula based on stratified random sampling.The tool for collecting information in this research was a researcher-made questionnaire.The obtained data were organized after a continuous process of open, central and selective coding in the form of 172 open codes, 139 concepts, 14 categories and 6 classes based on a systematic approach. The findings show the pattern of dealing with depression in second year high school students of Ardabil city under the categories of physical health, characteristics and individual differences, environmental and social factors, comfort facilities, depression and its symptoms, psychological training, therapeutic approaches, drug therapy, spiritual health development, Physical health maintenance, mental health management, social activities, individual outcomes and social outcomes were categorized and fit in terms of validation (p<0.05).Finally, it is suggested that this research be used as a general guide and path to prevent depression and reduce its symptoms by specialists in schools and other medical centers according to the existing fields.

Considering the visual nature of mathematical concepts in elementary school, the learning process of these topics is different for visually impaired students and normal children.

The present research seeks to discover and identify the lived experience of visually impaired students and their mothers from encountering a math curriculum with a student-centered approach.

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenology method. The participants included 12 mothers with visually impaired or blind children and 14 visually impaired primary school students (7 girls and 7 boys) studying in the second to sixth grades. The data collection tool is in-depth exploratory interviews, which were analyzed using Van Menen's thematic analysis method.

The experience of the participants shows that the content of the current math curriculum for this group of students has two major modes: 1) the ability to mentally calculate, manipulate and apply in real life and 2) the ability to learn in case of adaptation. visual In line with the types of adaptations, the themes of adaptation of books, tools, teaching methods and evaluation are also included. The participants stated that learning most of the mathematical topics is associated with difficulty and is rarely used in daily life.

According to the findings of this study, it is suggested that adaptations of content, textbooks, tools, teaching and evaluation methods in the design and implementation of mathematics curricula for visually impaired students. To be considered by the planners.

The process of strategic planning and its product, as a codified plan in any field, is a platform for growth, regulates activities and even regulates rules and relationships. The purpose of this research is to design and present the organization's strategic planning model based on capabilities and capacities in Isfahan Sugar Company. The research method is exploratory in terms of results and practical benefits, and qualitative and quantitative in terms of the type of data, and the time horizon of the research is a cross-sectional type of research. The statistical population of the research includes all managers (34 people) and senior experts (12 people) of Isfahan Sugar Company. Targeted non-random sampling method, 20 people were selected as samples. The research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire to identify internal strengths and weaknesses and external opportunities and threats. The validity of questionnaires is the content that was confirmed by experts. The data was analyzed by Excel software. The findings of the research showed that the company is weak in the field of internal factors and is facing threats in the field of external factors. Also, the position of the company in the evaluation matrix of internal and external factors was determined in house number 5, so the strategy of maintenance and stability was recommended for the company. Based on the attractiveness score in the QSPM matrix, each strategy was prioritized as follows: 1- development of sugar beet cultivation (regional and extra-regional), 2- market penetration and 3- development of management systems.

Environmental graphics is a wide branch of design that is used in the design of many buildings and complexes today. In this regard, this art can also provide valuable help to designers and architects in the design of art museums, which has been examined in this research; Therefore, this research was conducted with the aim of investigating the structure and environmental graphic design in the contemporary art museum. The information required for this research was collected by the library and field method by visiting related libraries and museums and was noted and recorded with a recording tool and a camera. Then this information was analyzed in a descriptive-analytical way and the results showed that the current interior graphics of art museums in Iran do not follow a certain standard and their implementation methods of interior graphics are also not appropriate. By using the available space in contemporary museums, the problem can be solved; Because the space in the works of contemporary museums can be in the structure and graphic design of the interior environment in the contemporary era.More about this source textSource text required for additional translation informationSend feedbackSide panels

The present study aimed to provide a comprehensive model of online curriculum and identify its components. The research synthesis methodology was implemented to design the model. Synthesis research is one of the important methods of qualitative research and a special form of review research and the target population included all articles in the fields of curriculum, education, and electronic learning/teaching. The criterion to select the sample size was responding to the research questions according to the entry and exit criteria in the research synthesis approach and offering a convenient conclusion of the related literature in a new synthesized format. The ultimate synthesis included 71 studies. Thirteen elements that were identified in the current study to design an online curriculum included: goals, learner, teacher, content, supporter, classification, attendance, technology, time, learning environment, interaction, materials and resources, and assessment. Moreover, the characteristics and rules of each element were identified in the process of research synthesis studies.

Organizing and ordering the city and how it grows and transforms being fully aware of the various dimensions of its growth and development and controlling its future process requires detailed planning. In this regard, urban development plans have been prepared to better guide their process sustainably. They are considered the most fundamental means of shaping cities based on pre-planned order and plan. Conducting studies and preparing urban development plans are the beginning of improving the physical spatial condition of cities. The present study examines and analyzes urban development plans in Iran using the concepts of planning perspectives and explaining the inefficiency factors of these plans. This research falls under the category of fundamental-developmental research and descriptive-analytical methods. The research method includes library studies in which the basic concepts of planning theory related to development plans have been compiled and evaluated step by step by experts. Based on the obtained results, the criterion of participation and community orientation has an unfavourable situation compared to other criteria. In the staged evaluation of urban development plans, the stages of formulating goals and assessing the current situation have a better status than the stages of decision-making and implementation and evaluation after implementation. Based on this diagnosis, applying these criteria in all stages of preparation and implementation of projects is necessary. Preparing the current plans not only does not respond to many dimensions of the cities, but continuing them in this way and ignoring the basic concepts, has not solved any problems and may cause many problems due to not keeping up with the changes of time.

The aim of the current research was to design a tool to measure "problems of psychological treatment of children with neurodevelopmental disorders in the school environment" based on the lived experience of occupational therapists in autism centers in Shiraz.

The research method is a mixed exploratory type of instrumental development and sampling was done in the qualitative part by the theoretical saturation method (saturation in the 21st interview) and in the quantitative part by a targeted method (the number of 66 people twice as many as the items of the tool), as a result of which the participants of each Two parts of the research were formed by 87 occupational therapists from autism centers in Shiraz. In order to collect data in the qualitative part of the semi-structured interview and in the quantitative part of the compiled tool, the achievement of the qualitative part was used as the basis of the research, and in this way, the qualitative part was mixed with the quantitative part. The data of the qualitative part were collected in the spring of 2022 and the data of the quantitative part were collected in the autumn of 2022. The method of data analysis was theme analysis, calculation of CVR, CVI, IS, DP (in qualitative part) and IC (in quantitative part).

Findings from the qualitative part by examining the text of the interviews showed the number of 19 components, based on which the initial pool was prepared with 40 items. After providing the initial pool of items to the experts, the findings of the CVI and CVR review showed that 7 items were not of the required quality according to the experts and were removed. For IS, DP and IC, values higher than 1.5, 1 and 0.7 were obtained for all the remaining 33 items, respectively.

In general, it can be said that the 40-item tool compiled in the qualitative section; In the quantitative part, it was converted into 33-items and this 33-item form had the necessary conditions to be examined at the level of the main sample of the target group, and it can be used in a large sample of the target group to achieve the final structure and norm scores.

The purpose of this study was to Design and Framework education to high school students in Hormozgan province in the current and desired situation. The research was conducted using a combined research method (qualitative and quantitative case study) of exploratory type.; The statistical population of the study consisted of Potential participants of faculty members of universities in Hormozgan province, doctoral students and secondary school teachers in Hormozgan province.

In this study analyze the data from the "targeted approach" and the "method of selecting key experts", and use The "theoretical saturation criterion" was used; Theoretical saturation is a point in qualitative research that indicates the adequacy of the data collected to analyze and present the final report. The research tool was an open-ended interview form; Data were analyzed using Nvivo software using content analysis technique; Validation of qualitative data was performed using verification and reliability techniques.

The results are: Business education plan for students (inclusive theme) in the form of 4 dimensions of organizing themes (education-innovation, curriculum-content, Psychological factors-communication, economic and social factors-environment) and 72 basic themes were organized; The business education framework in the current and desired situation included 5 extracted concepts of the current situation and 9 sub-categories in the desired situation; The results of reviewing the validity of the business education framework in the current and favorable situation showed that: 12 components of business education (purpose, content, coach role, learner role, teaching-learning method, evaluation, teaching materials, type of curriculum, educational level, participants, place of training, time of training) have a high correlation coefficient (meaning level You have 99% confidence) ; Discusion: The business education framework of high school students in Hormozgan province is relatively suitable in the current situation and has a distance to the desired situation, which can be improved with the design.