commitment

The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of the treatment based on acceptance and commitment to coherent self-knowledge and reducing self-injurious behaviors in self-injurious delinquent teenagers of the correctional center. This was a semi-experimental study with a pre-test/post-test design and a control group with a 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the study was all delinquent male teenagers who had experienced self-harm in Tehran Correctional Center in 2022, out of which 36 people were selected using the purposeful sampling method. These numbers were randomly replaced in two treatment groups based on acceptance and commitment, and the control group. Data were collected using the self-concept questionnaire of Ghorbani et al. (2008, ISK) and Klonsky et al.'s self-injurious behaviors (2009, ISAS). Treatment intervention based on acceptance and commitment was implemented in 10 sessions of 90 minutes once a week. The data were analyzed using an analysis of variance with repeated measurements. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the pre-test and post-test averages of self-awareness and self-injurious behaviors at the 0.05 level, and in addition, there was a significant difference at the 0.05 level between the post-test and follow-up averages of these two variables. From the above findings, it can be concluded that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment is effective and long-lasting in improving self-awareness and self-harming behaviors.

The present study aimed to investigate the Effectiveness of Group Therapy Based on Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) on the Mental Health and Social Adjustment of Students (with an Emphasis on Religious Teachings). The research used the quasi-experimental design with pre-test and post-test and a follow-up period (3 months) including an experimental group and a control group. The statistical population included all female students in the second year of high school in Isfahan in the academic year 1401-1402. 40 students were randomly selected using cluster sampling method and were assigned to two experimental groups (20 students) and control group (20 students). The intervention program was administered for 8 sessions of 90 minutes. For data collection, the Goldberg and Hiller Mental Health Questionnaire (1979) and the Lambert et al. Adaptive Behavior Questionnaire (1974) were used. The data were analyzed using repeated measures analysis of variance in SPSS-23 software. The results showed that group education based on acceptance and commitment with emphasis on religious teachings has a significant effect on increasing the mental health and social adjustment of students (P<0.001).

The current research aims to determine the effectiveness of parenting based on acceptance and commitment to the experiential avoidance and sense of competence of mothers of children with ADHD. The research method was a semi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test with a control group. The statistical population included all mothers with 8- to 10-year-old girls with ADHD who were studying in Isfahan primary schools in the academic year of 2022-2023. 30 children were selected in a purposive sampling way and were randomly divided into two groups of 15 people, experimental and control, and the mothers of the experimental group received parenting intervention based on acceptance and commitment for two and a half months and during 10 sessions of 90 minutes. To collect data, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire – version 2 (AAQ-2; Bond et al., 2011) and the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale (PSOCS; Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978) were used. To analyze the data, the multivariate covariance test (MANCOVA) was used. The findings of the research showed that by controlling the pre-test effect, there was a significant difference between the post-test average in the variables of experiential avoidance and sense of competence in the experimental and control groups (P<0.05). As a result, parenting based on acceptance and commitment is an effective intervention in reducing experiential avoidance and improving the sense of competence of mothers of children with ADHD.

The aim of the present study is to present a model for developing organizational citizenship behavior in Iraqi secondary school teachers. The research method is applied in accordance with its purpose and its method is qualitative and data-based. The statistical population consists of 15 secondary school teachers and related experts who were selected through theoretical sampling and the selection of samples continued until theoretical saturation was reached. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview. For data analysis, the data-based method and Atlas ti8 software were used, and open, axial, and selective coding stages were used to identify and classify main and sub-categories. The findings showed that teachers' organizational citizenship behavior includes key dimensions such as organizational cooperation, professional development, respect and values, commitment and responsibility, educational innovation, honesty and feedback, well-being and mental health, encouragement of academic growth, and discipline and adherence to principles. These dimensions are presented as a comprehensive model and are proposed as a framework for strengthening these behaviors. The present study shows that strengthening organizational citizenship behavior in teachers not only leads to improving the educational environment and increasing the motivation of teachers and students, but also has a positive impact on the overall performance of the education system.

Ethics and law share important characteristics. Both are norm-based and specify how things should be. Moral principles are fundamental values that are accepted by the majority of the society based on knowledge of norms and beliefs. Good faith is a moral concept that invites people to do good deeds with good intentions and prevents them from bad intentions and evil actions. Morality belongs to the family of adjectives such as fairness, trust, loyalty, honesty, sincerity, etc. Today, this moral value has gained a great position in the field of laws and social rules and has led the legislators to draft laws based on good intentions. Therefore, in the present research, the researchers tried to discuss the reflection of ethics in Iranian law in the context of the place of ethics and good faith in contract implementation.

The effect of ethics on the legal status of individuals and especially on contracts is a debate that currently occupies the content of many legal articles and books. Ethical execution of the contract is a requirement of the agreement, and unethical behavior is incompatible with the binding principle of the contract, and on this basis, the principle of respect for contracts should always be considered and investigated in connection with the rule of ethics. Therefore, not only the obligee of the contract must have good faith and ethics in the execution of the contract, but each of the contractors must try his part to fulfill the obligations in the best way. In fact, the rule of necessity of ethics in the execution of the contract is the result of the connection between law and ethics, and according to this connection, both parties must behave ethically towards each other and demand the execution of the contract accordingly.

Delayed gratification of students with self-destructive behaviors: Evidence from a comparison of the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and acceptance and commitment-based trainingAbstractThe present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the evidence of the comparison of the effectiveness of self-determination skills training and training based on acceptance and commitment on procrastination in the satisfaction of students with suicidal behaviors. The statistical population of the research included all undergraduate students of Guilan University using a three-stage cluster sampling method among the faculties, fields, and classes held in each of the faculties of Guilan Universit that (test, control and evidence) were assigned. The research tools included Bimbanti's scale of delay in academic satisfaction (2007) and Cunningham's self-destructive behavior (2007) recognition scale. The intervention program was self-determination education and education based on acceptance and commitment. Data analysis using variance method differential scores and three-month follow-up showed that both intervention programs have a positive and significant effect on the postponement of students' satisfaction, and of course, the self-determination intervention program has a greater effect on the satisfaction of students with self-destructive behaviors. Therefore, both intervention programs are suggested as target programs in clinics and universities. 

The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment group therapy on emotional eating, body image and rumination of overweight female students. The current research was semi-experimental and in the form of a two-group pre-test-post-test design with a 2-month follow-up. The population of this research is all overweight teenage students (13 to 17 years old) who were introduced to obesity treatment centers in Borujerd city by school health educators; A sample of 30 people was selected voluntary sampling and randomly divided into two groups of 15 people. The instruments were the rumination scale questionnaire by Nolen-Hoeksma, the multidimensional body-self relationship questionnaire by Bern et al., and Stein's eating behavior questionnaire. The experimental group received 8 sessions of acceptance and commitment group therapy. Analysis of covariance test was used to analyze the data. The results of the research showed that group therapy based on acceptance and commitment has a significant effect on emotional eating, self-image and rumination of overweight female students. Therefore, group therapy based on acceptance and commitment can be used as a new therapeutic approach in improving emotional eating skills, self-image and rumination of overweight female students.

The present study aimed to investigate the relationship between self-efficacy, group cohesion, and employee commitment and performance in Imam Sajjad Hospital using a descriptive survey research method. The statistical population in the present study included all employees of Imam Sajjad Hospital in 1403. The sample size was determined by using simple random sampling method and Cochran formula, 265 people. In order to measure the variables used in the study, Evans and Jarvis's teamwork cohesion questionnaires (1986); Pourjafardoost's self-efficacy (2007); Allen and Meyer organizational commitment (1990) and employee performance questionnaires (Zahair et al. (2016) were used. The content validity of the questionnaire has been approved by experts and the supervisor. The reliability of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient. Descriptive statistical methods and inferential statistics (structural equation model) were used for analysis. The findings of the study showed that self-efficacy and teamwork cohesion have a positive and significant relationship with organizational performance and organizational commitment in Imam Sajjad Hospital. The results also showed that organizational commitment has a significant relationship with employee performance. The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-efficacy, teamwork cohesion and employee performance with the mediating role of organizational commitment in Imam Sajjad Hospital.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment therapy on death anxiety, fear of falling, and demoralization in patients with multiple sclerosis. The research method was a semi-experimental type with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a one-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the present study included all patients with multiple sclerosis referred to the Multiple Sclerosis Association of Tabriz City in 2023. The research sample consisted of 40 people from the statistical population who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly replaced in the group (20 people in each group). Treatment based on acceptance and commitment was implemented in 8 sessions of 60 minutes during four weeks and two sessions per week for the experimental group. The research tools included Templer's Death Anxiety Scale (1970, DAS), Kempen et al.'s Falls Efficacy Scale (2008, FES-I), and Kissane et al.'s Demoralization Scale (2004, DS). The data were analyzed using analysis of variance with repeated measures. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the groups in the post-test and follow-up of death anxiety, fear of falling, and depression symptoms. (P<0.01). According to the results of this study, psychologists and psychiatrists can use this intervention to improve death anxiety, fear of falling, and demoralization in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Education in the field of disease in people with chronic disease is a fundamental and important issue in achieving empowerment and optimal compliance of the patient, so this research aims to compare the effectiveness of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy on compliance with treatment in women. He was diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. 

Research Methods:

 This research was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a 2-month follow-up with a control group. The research population consisted of all married women with multiple sclerosis in Hamadan city in 2023. From this number, 3 groups of 15 people were selected using available sampling method and were randomly divided into test groups and control groups, and were administered the Madanlo Chronic Disease Treatment Compliance Questionnaire in three pre-test-post-test sessions and followed up on the answers. they gave the subjects of the experimental group were treated with the approach of treatment based on acceptance and commitment and reality therapy, during 8 sessions, 1 session of 60 minutes per week, but no training was given to the control group. The data were statistically analyzed with SPSS software and using t-test of mixed analysis of variance and significant level of p < 0.05.

The results showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the pre-test, post-test and follow-up treatment compliance in the three groups; And for the between-group factor, the F value calculated at a level smaller than 0.05 is not significant (Eta = 0.125, P < 0.05, F = 2.990) as a result, between the overall average of treatment adherence in the three experimental groups and There is no evidence of a significant difference.

According to the results of this research, it can be said that treatment based on acceptance and commitment and treatment based on reality therapy led to adherence to treatment in women.

The structure of a family begins with dating and marriage, and marriage is considered a source of different experiences, and in this regard, the purpose of this research is to compare the effectiveness of forgiveness-based therapy and acceptance and commitment-based therapy on marital dissatisfaction and dysfunctional beliefs in women affected by Wife's betrayal is in Gilan province. This research is a semi-experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design and follow-up with a control group, during which the statistical sample includes 90 married women who referred to the counseling centers of the province in 1401-1402 with the benefit of purposeful sampling and based on The entry criteria were randomly selected and placed in two test groups and one control group. The treatment in this research includes two treatment protocols based on acceptance and commitment and based on forgiveness for 8 sessions in groups of 30 people, and all three groups were tested pre- and post-test by two marital burnout questionnaires (CBM) and Idelsen and Epstein's communication beliefs. RBI) was measured and the data of the research were analyzed using the method of univariate and multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS software and LSD post hoc test. According to the significance of F calculated for the variables of marital dissatisfaction (F = 192.244) and ineffective communication beliefs (F = 349.558) at the 5% level, it can be confirmed that they are effective. Therefore, according to the findings, despite the difference in the content and process of the two approaches based on forgiveness and based on acceptance and commitment, both have been effective on the research variables and the effectiveness of the ACT approach is relatively higher.

The present study was conducted to compare the impact of acceptance and commitment-based couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy on reducing violence the marital attitudes of couples applying for divorce. The current semi-experimental research is of an experimental type with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The statistical sample consisted of 60 couples applying for divorce in Yasuj city in the first quarter of 2012, who were selected by purposive sampling and randomly assigned to three groups of 20 people, cognitive behavioral couple therapy group, acceptance and commitment based couple therapy group, The control group (10 couples in each group) were included. Before and after the implementation of the interventions, the subjects responded to the Qahari Spouse Abuse Questionnaire (2014) and the Matrimonial Attitude Context Finding Scale. The results of covariance analysis showed that there is a significant difference between the average scores of the subjects in the components of emotional violence and physical violence and the marital attitudes in the experimental groups with the control group (P<0.05). ). Post hoc Bonferroni test also showed that there is no significant difference between commitment-based couple therapy and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy groups. both interventions of couple therapy based on acceptance and commitment and cognitive-behavioral couple therapy are effective in reducing the level of violence and improving the the marital attitudes of couples applying for divorce, and each of the interventions can be used separately or combined. Contractual use.

Determining the effectiveness of parent-child relationship training based on acceptance and commitment on children's self-efficacy using a compiled educational package was the aim of this study, and was conducted in a semi-experimental way with a pre-test and post-test along with a control group. 42 male students of the first year of high school and their mothers were selected according to the purpose of the study by available sampling and were randomly assigned to the experimental group and the control group. Mothers in the experimental group received educational intervention based on the compiled educational package during 10 sessions of 90 minutes in 10 weeks. Before starting the study process and after the end of the training sessions, students' self-efficacy was measured using Bandura's self-efficacy questionnaire. The educational package was compiled using library-document studies using the research synthesis method and its validity was determined by the content validity method, Lawshe model (1975), and the collective opinion of an expert group. The calculated CVI was between 0.9 and 1, which indicates the validity of the training package. The results demonstrated that the educational interventions of parent-child relationships based on acceptance and commitment using the compiled educational package were significantly effective on students' self-efficacy ( ). As a result, parent-child relationship education interventions with the help of techniques based on acceptance and commitment can be used to increase and promote students' self-efficacy.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effectiveness of group therapy based on acceptance and commitment on social functioning, fear of negative evaluation and anger rumination in the cultural background of divorced women. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group and a statistical population including all divorced women in Isfahan city. Using available sampling method, 30 divorced women who visited Aftab meeting center in Isfahan city in 2024 were selected and replaced in two experimental groups (15 people) and control group (15 people). The data were collected using the Self-Assessment Scale of Social Adaptation by Bosc et al. (1997), the Fear of Negative Evaluation Questionnaire by Watson & Friend (1969), and the Anger Rumination Scale by Sukhodolsky et al. (2001). The obtained data were analyzed at two levels of descriptive statistics (mean and standard deviation) and inferential statistics (analysis of covariance) using spss-22 software. The findings showed that group therapy based on acceptance and commitment increased social performance and reduced fear of negative evaluation and anger rumination in divorced women (p≥0.05). In other words, group therapy based on acceptance and commitment reduced the fear of negative evaluation and rumination of anger and increased social functioning in divorced women. As a result, group therapy based on acceptance and commitment can be used by psychologists and counselors as a culture-based intervention for divorced women.

At present, given that Iran is in a transitional period from a traditional society to a modern one, the issues arising from a lack of cohesion and the limited participation of various social groups in social and political arenas are becoming increasingly evident across different fields. Governance, by either disrupting or fostering social relations and interactions between individuals and society, can either promote or diminish civil life. The aim of the present study is a sociological analysis of the role of good governance in social cohesion. The research method of this dissertation is quantitative, utilizing a survey. The data collection tool was a questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of the citizens of Garmsar city. Using a cluster sampling method followed by quota sampling, 384 individuals were selected as the statistical sample. The data were analyzed based on descriptive and inferential statistics using SPSS22 software and structural equation modeling software Lisrel. The data analysis indicates that there is a significant relationship between good governance and commitment, belonging, order, and belief. Additionally, using structural equation modeling, the factors of the right to voice (0.30), political stability (0.20), effectiveness (0.16), regulatory quality (0.20), rule of law (0.31), and control of corruption (0.31) altogether explain the relationship between good governance and social cohesion (0.65).

Contractual relations between persons are under the rule of laws and Shariah, the text of the contract and customs, and the disputes of the parties are settled based on these sources. Ethics in contracts can be examined from two aspects. First, ethics as a legal source to be cited by the judge in issuing a decision, and second, ethics by each of the parties in contractual relations that must be practiced. Although the execution time is not one of the basic elements and reasons for the formation of an obligation, just as its absence is not considered as an obstacle and the obligation is correct with these characteristics, but the problem is that the jurists are unknown, hesitant, uncertain, the ambiguity of the execution time, even the delegation of authority. The time of execution to the obligee is considered invalid based on paragraph 2 of Article 233 and Article 401 of BC due to the spread of "ignorance to other parties" and the creation of "gharar". Whereas, the above articles do not imply invalidity not only by verifying the intention and identifying the issue of the obligation, but also along with other factors and tools to verify the time of implementation, the time of the obligation can be determined and the liquidation of the obligation should be considered only limited to the external factor. As the international documents in question (Convention on the International Sale of Goods, Principles of European Contract Law, Principles of International Commercial Contracts and Common Reference Framework Plan) are like this. With new arguments, while examining the role of time in commitment, the present research discusses the effect of its lack in commitment and seeks to prove that the performance time that can be determined from the commitment and the performance time that can be determined with the help of the new interpretation, are similar to the performance time effects. It is determined by the obligation that under these conditions, the obligation is based and in case of violation of the obligation, the obligee can resort to the obligee for any of the compensation methods, unless a serious external factor occurs during the execution of the obligation, which in these conditions or during the life of the obligee is terminated or, contrary to the opinion of jurists, it is justified by good faith and fair behavior and the obligation is adjusted.

The purpose of this research was to determine the Effectiveness of Teaching Acceptance and Commitment on Obsessive Compulsive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety of Students. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design with a control group. The statistical population in this research included all female students aged 14 to 16 years of Devati schools in Tabriz city in the academic year 1401-1402. The statistical sample consisted of 30 female students with obsessive-compulsive and generalized anxiety symptoms who were introduced by the school counselor and were selected by non-random sampling method and randomly placed in two experimental and control groups. Both groups were tested in the pre-test and post-test stages with Yale Brown's obsessive-compulsive questionnaire (1986), (CY-BOCS) and the short-form scale of generalized anxiety disorder by Spitz et al. (2006), (GAD-7). were evaluated. The experimental group received the acceptance and commitment training program for 10 sessions of 90 minutes, one day a week. The data obtained from the research were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance. The significance level was considered 0/05 in all tests. The findings showed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in both obsessive-compulsive and pervasive anxiety variables. According to the results obtained in this research, teaching acceptance and commitment can greatly reduce the problems of obsession and anxiety of students.

The aim of reaserch to determine of effect the commitment and acceptance therapy on health anxiety, emotional exhaustion and psychological flexibility of male doctors of Forensic Medicine Organization of Isfahan city. The research method was semi-experimental and its design was pre-test-post-test with a control group and a follow-up period of one month. The statistical population included all the men of the Forensic Medicine Organization of Isfahan, 220 people in the winter of 1400, who were randomly assigned to two groups (15 experimental people) and (15 control people) using the purposeful sampling method. The research tools included health anxiety questionnaire (Salkovskis, Varoek, 2002) emotional fatigue (chenet al, 2019), psychological flexibility (Dennis,Vander Wal, 2010). The experimental group was trained in commitment and acceptance therapy during 8 sessions of 90 minutes. While the control group did not receive any intervention. Data analysis was done using mixed analysis of variance. The findings showed that the treatment based on acceptance and commitment has an effect on health anxiety (illness, disease consequences and general health concerns), emotional exhaustion (depersonalization and personal inadequacy) and psychological flexibility (components of alternatives, control and alternatives to human behavior). Has it. As a result, the results showed that according to the problems caused by the medical profession in the doctors of the medical organization, the treatment law is based on commitment and acceptance of a suitable treatment approach to improve the mental conditions of people in order to reduce the level of health anxiety, emotional fatigue and increase psychological flexibility.

The world have witnessed the increase in natural disasters. Which requires the active participation of people in their management. The participation of neighborhood emergency response groups is one of the ways to strengthen participatory crisis management at the neighborhood level. This research aims to investigate the factors affecting the performance of neighborhood emergency response volunteers (DAVAM groups) in Tehran, Iran. 

This is a descriptive-correlational quantitative survey. The study population consists of the members of DAVAM groups from all 22 districts of Tehran. A convenience sampling method was used for recruiting 395 participants. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire measuring different performance dimensions in DAVAM groups. After excluding incomplete questionnaires, the data of 380 volunteers were used for analysis. The data analysis was done using path analysis.

Group stability and perpetuation (β=0.326), satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.226), and commitment to the group (β=0.214) had a significant direct effect on group loyalty. Also, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.623) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.137) had a significant direct effect on commitment to the group. Group stability and perpetuation (β=0.630) had a significant direct effect on satisfaction with membership in the group. Moreover, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.295) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.029) had a significant indirect effect on group loyalty. Also, group stability and perpetuation (β=0.087) had a significant indirect effect on commitment to the group. Etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.220), satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.312) and commitment to the group (β=0.334) had a significant direct effect on group loyalty. Also, etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.176) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.485) had a significant effect on commitment to the group. Etiology of dropout from the group (β= 0.256) had a significant direct effect on satisfaction with membership in the group. Moreover, etiology of dropout from the group (β= 0.180) and satisfaction with membership in the group (β=0.162) had a significant indirect effect on group loyalty. Also, etiology of dropout from the group (β=0.124) had a significant indirect effect on commitment to the group.

Active participation in DAVAM groups is affected by psychological, interpersonal, and organizational factors. When volunteers perceive a strong sense of in-group identity in these groups, they may show higher levels of commitment, satisfaction, and loyalty. On the other hand, effective leadership that strengthens the out-group identity can minimize the volunteers' internal conflicts and positively affect their commitment and satisfaction.