classification

The age we live in is the age of information, and the most important issue for organizations is the mastery of this information. With the ever-increasing growth of news in the digital world and the Internet, the issue that becomes important is the classification of this information and our quick and cheap access to it. This importance cannot be achieved except by doing the methods referred to as text classification. The purpose of this research is to classify news texts into predefined categories, which is done using the automatic model tool, which is considered one of the subsets of text mining. Considering the importance of the subject and the work that has been done in this field for other languages ​​of the world, the need to classify Persian texts is well felt. It is noteworthy that research has been developed and used for English texts, but since the Persian language has structural complexities compared to other languages ​​and also less research has been done in this field, this research is of an applied type. It is a development that can be done using the experimental research method and the use of text mining tools, as it is done in a completely controlled environment with the ability to keep other variables constant. In the intelligence society, the classification of texts is done manually by elite people. It seems impossible to categorize texts with this volume manually, so we are forced to look for methods to automatically categorize texts. On the other hand, storing, processing and analyzing this amount of information has become a serious challenge. Due to the high volume of news, data, information, documents and the complexity of maintaining and maintaining them, it is necessary to use a system to manage receiving, maintaining and maintaining existing news. The complexity of organizations creates the need for centralization of news, documents, correct classification, correct circulation of news and ease of access to them. Document management provides the possibility for information organizations to correctly classify received or existing news and documents, preserve, maintain and retrieve them. By examining, analyzing and processing in this research, we come to the conclusion that the accuracy and results of the proposed method on online news texts show; The support vector machine model has 93.29 precision, 93.32 accuracy, 92.96 recall, and 6.71 error.

In general, the classification of political ideas and confrontation of Middle Eastern ideational currents into three famous traditionalists, modernist, and reformist categories was founded on a master-statement named tradition/modernity or old/new conflict. This master-statement and the classification based on it have found a solid place in Middle East studies and have rarely included in the fundamental and, of course, immanent criticism. The developments known as the Arab Spring on the one hand, and the increasingly complex future of the Middle East in the light of the waves of the fourth generation of technology have made it necessary to revise this statement and change it. Relying on this classification weakens the understanding of the critical intellectual-political developments in the Middle East today and in the future, and revising it can increase the analytical power on Middle East political studies. The main question is, what are the implications of revising the tradition/modernity statement for political studies in the Middle East? The main goal of the article is to challenge this master-statement and prepare the theoretical foundations to establishment a political ontogenesis of Middle East. Gilbert Simondon's individuation theory and his special genetic method have been used to achieve this goal.

Discourse analysis is a method that has been developed in the context of postmodern thought. In the present study, Aref Qazvini's lyric poems have been studied and analyzed in the framework of critical discourse analysis and using the representation model of Van Levon's social agents. The main issue of the research is as follows: How Aref has used the naming and classification of social actors to express his views. Based on this, first the naming and classification components in each bit were determined, then by statistical calculations and according to the frequency of the components, the amount of references was determined. In this research, using descriptive-analytical method and using library-documentary sources, the researcher has studied and read the issue of naming in the field of Aref Qazvini poems and has discussed the reasons for using these names. The results of this study show that Aref has used the most explicit components such as naming to represent social agents. Also, the methods of representation and illustration of social agents show the mystic position well.

In recent decades, studies of the role of government in economy have had a shift from the concentration on the size of government and its tasks to the quality of government intervention. This change of attitude to state in economy has given rise to a new vision of good governance. Good governance requires a broad approach to the transparent involvement of a wide range of groups including the government, civil society and private sector. In this respect, the quality of governance reflects the ability of governments to formulate and implement effective policies to improve business environment, economic development, and entrepreneurship expansion; therefore, the main purpose of this article is to find the answer to this important question: What is the impact of the quality of governance on entrepreneurship in selected countries? The present study is an applied research in terms of purpose and referential, in terms of research method, nature and the method of dealing with the problem. In this study, reference is made to the statistical data of the World Bank and the World Entrepreneurship Observer. Multivariate regression and panel data and Excel and Eviews soft wares have been used to model the factors affecting entrepreneurship. The results of fixed effects model estimation over the period 2000-2016 showed that governance quality has a positive and significant effect on entrepreneurship in the selected countries. The effect of governance quality on entrepreneurship in the group of innovation-based selected countries with high income is higher than the group of efficiency-based ones with medium income. Creating effective institutions, governments can provide an environment suitable for regulating the economic relations of individuals in a low-cost manner. In this way, entrepreneurship can be reinforced and developed.

Various chemical compounds are used in industry. Many industries maintain the results of chemical compounds. In this case, maintaining and using existing chemical data poses a challenge. If the amount of this chemical data increases, a model for data clustering is needed to be able to separate the data of different compounds. Clustering Finds data with similar properties in separate clusters without having prior knowledge of the available data. In the chemical industry, it is not possible to label all chemical composition data because they may occur or change at any time. In this case, clustering should be used, which divides the chemical data into a number of subsets. From a data mining point of view, chemical data detection is one of the issues of data marginalization. By introducing appropriate algorithms in this field and then trying to increase the efficiency and accuracy of chemical information, we can take steps to create highly reliable mechanized systems with the ability to detect complex patterns. Here, a series of data on the chemical composition of different industries are collected and clustering is performed with the help of a suitable hybrid model. The proposed method is a hybrid model of the nearest neighborhood using fuzzy clustering. In this model, the existing chemical data is subjected to a preprocessing operation to remove inappropriate and empty data from the system. The clustering operation is then performed with the nearest neighbor model.

Various chemical compounds are used in industry. Many industries maintain the results of chemical compounds. In this case, maintaining and using existing chemical data poses a challenge. If the amount of this chemical data increases, a model for data clustering is needed to be able to separate the data of different compounds. Clustering Finds data with similar properties in separate clusters without having prior knowledge of the available data. In the chemical industry, it is not possible to label all chemical composition data because they may occur or change at any time. In this case, clustering should be used, which divides the chemical data into a number of subsets. From a data mining point of view, chemical data detection is one of the issues of data marginalization. By introducing appropriate algorithms in this field and then trying to increase the efficiency and accuracy of chemical information, we can take steps to create highly reliable mechanized systems with the ability to detect complex patterns. Here, a series of data on the chemical composition of different industries are collected and clustering is performed with the help of a suitable hybrid model. The proposed method is a hybrid model of the nearest neighborhood using fuzzy clustering. In this model, the existing chemical data is subjected to a preprocessing operation to remove inappropriate and empty data from the system. The clustering operation is then performed with the nearest neighbor model.

Stereotype is misunderstandings about people with personality, behavior, attitudes, competencies, and in connection with any group (gender, race, class, status, location). Includes any type of cognitive stereotypes toward people and other groups, but misconceptions and inaccurate information contained on them. In other words, people may even have some limited information or ambiguous, in the process of molding or exaggerate some facts to consider and generalize.
The main issue of this paper is to understand the reasons and grounds for the formation of attitudes and ideas that each of us got stereotyped and stereotyped in relation to the surrounding environment and to pass them. Understanding and assessing the associated factors such as gender, age, location, economic status, employment status, education level, field of study and stereotypes main purpose of this article. In this study will be presented with the application of a survey, the views of the people (students of University of Tehran) about the identity of the community groups understand and analyzed.

From the early periods of fiqh, jurists classified chapters of fiqh based on various approaches and in different manners. These classifications have been often studied from a logical and educational point of view rather than from that of their methodological requirements and impacts. Reviewing the history of the classifications of fiqh briefly, and going beyond their logical and educational consequences, this article studies the classifications of fiqh more from their methodological requirements and differences in the method of ijtihad (legal reasoning) based on the nature of the issues of different chapters. This article also explains that the topography of the domain to which the text and/or the issue are related plays a large role in distinguishing permanent rules from temporary ones. Differentiation between decrees which are simply means (vasail) from those that are the aims of law (maghsad) is another methodological benefit of the jurisprudential classification. The topography of the issue, according to the author, also enables jurists to differentiate between the rules established initially by the holy lawmaker from those previously settled regulations which simply received the ratification of the holy law maker. This article also suggests that differentiation between interpretative methods of texts related to acts of worship (ibadat) and those related to the relationship between humans (muamilat) is very vital. The location of the jurisprudential questions also plays a role in the recognition of the type of religious statement as well as finding a more suitable way for conflict resolution between contradictory texts.

This article, after a brief review of causes of secrecy in state administrations, especially in intelligence agencies, tries to describe secrecy’s status in the identity of intelligence. Author, in response to the question of research, has two competing hypothesis. The main hypothesis argues that secrecy is an ontological characteristic of intelligence. In contrast, the second hypothesis describes secrecy an instrument of intelligence operations. After arguments for and against the hypoethses, author concludes that secrecy is indispensible part to intelligence and must be considefed as an ontological characteristic.