development

Good Governance, a key approach in development studies, advocates institutional reforms to achieve transparency, rule of law, participation, effectiveness, and efficiency. While widely supported, this paper critiques the "Good Governance Agenda" through Mushtaq Khan’s "Political Settlement" framework, using a critical assessment approach. This study explores two main questions: What are the weaknesses of the Good Governance approach from the Political Settlement perspective? And how can this alternative framework improve governance reforms? We hypothesize that while Good Governance emphasizes institutional reform, the Political Settlement framework reveals that governance reform outcomes depend on power distribution and the positions of actors in a socio-political context. Neglecting these informal dynamics often leads to reform failures. Our findings show that Good Governance’s universal, static and technocratic agenda overlooks the complex realities of power and rent distribution in political settlements. The Political Settlement framework offers a more nuanced understanding, explaining the developmental successes of East and Southeast Asian nations—where Good Governance falls short.

Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province, with its rich natural resources, unique tourist attractions, and high human and cultural capacities, holds significant potential for development in various sectors. This study explores the capacities and policy programs for the development of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiari Province. In this context, the analysis begins with the province's infrastructure, natural, economic, and social resources. Following this, the development programs and strategies outlined in higher-level documents and the province's executive plans are examined. The findings of this study suggest that due to the province's youthful population, the presence of urban and rural dilapidated areas, and the importance of housing and job creation in the region, there is a need for special attention to the fields of housing, education, tourism, and the environment. This research emphasizes the strategic role of effective policy-making in achieving sustainable development in the province, offering practical and efficient solutions for optimal utilization of available capacities. research method is descriptive-analytical method with library-based research.

The main goal of this research is to examine the role of consensus and national agreement—especially the consensus among political elites—in achieving development. The research question is: What position does national consensus hold in the realization of development, and how can it strengthen or weaken the fundamental elements of development?The methodology of the article is based on document and library research. Using theoretical data, it analyzes the relationship between elite consensus and development to answer the main question: «What is the role of consensus and national agreement among political elites in realizing development?» This study relies on the theoretical framework of Lucien Piérre and colleagues, conceptualizing development in three components: «structural differentiation,» «equality,» and «creative capacity.» In the findings section, ten advantages and ten challenges related to the presence or absence of political elite consensus are analyzed, and their effects on the three components of development are evaluated. The results indicate that elite consensus is a key factor in achieving political stability, sustainable policymaking, reducing corruption, increasing public trust, expanding social capital, and strengthening democratic institutions—all of which enhance development indicators. Conversely, the absence of political consensus leads to the emergence of parallel institutions, legitimacy crises, elite migration, and economic fluctuations, posing serious obstacles to sustainable development. Therefore, consensus and agreement among elites are not only facilitating conditions but also theoretical and practical prerequisites for achieving development.

Iran's nuclear crisis with Western countries has been one of the most important political and economic challenges in recent years, which has had a wide impact on the country's development process. This research examines the different dimensions of this crisis and its impact on Iran's development processes. In this regard, international pressures, economic sanctions and restrictions caused by the nuclear crisis have been analyzed. Also, the research examines the impact of this crisis on key sectors such as economy, energy, industry and technology, environment and diplomatic relations of Iran and shows how these factors have hindered the achievement of sustainable development goals. The findings of this study show that despite Iran's efforts for independent development, international sanctions and pressures caused by the nuclear crisis have created major challenges in the country's economic and political development. In the end, possible solutions to reduce tensions and facilitate the path of development are also discussed.

Nowadays, urban traffic and the issues and problems arising from it have had a very deep impact on sustainable urban development and the quality of life in the metropolises of developing countries. Therefore, the need to pay attention to the development of clean transportation in the big cities of these countries has increased. Therefore, the current research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the importance of sustainable urban development indicators on the development of clean transportation in the central part of Shiraz city. This research has used a combination of survey and descriptive-analytical methods. In other words, the data required for this research has been collected through library and field methods (questionnaire). The findings indicate that the average of all items of sustainable urban development indicators (environmental, economic and socio-cultural) in line with clean transportation in the central part of Shiraz city from the citizens' point of view is above average. Has been in this regard, the significance level or the value of the alpha error (Sig) of the t-test for all indicators was equal to 0.000. The status of sustainable urban development indicators (environmental, economic and socio-cultural) has an impact on the development of clean transportation in the eight cities of Shiraz. Therefore, it is important to strengthen these indicators in order to develop clean transportation in the studied area. Until now, no research has been conducted in the field of evaluating the impact of sustainable urban development indicators on the development of clean transportation in the eight cities of Shiraz; Therefore, from this point of view, this research is innovative.

In recent years, the concept of social development in relation to cities and urban communities has garnered more attention. Attachment can significantly affect the welfare and quality of life of citizens, civic participation, and the sustainability of cities, which are among the indicators of social development. Despite the high importance of social development in cities, its impact and significance on citizens' attachment to their city have not been fully examined. Therefore, the current research is applied in terms of its objective to examine and evaluate the impact of social development on citizens' attachment to the place. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed and evaluated using SPSS software. According to the results obtained, the index of attachment to place, with an average score of 3.55, is in a desirable state, but in contrast, the social development index, with an average score of 2.27, is in an unsatisfactory state in this city. On the other hand, according to the results of the regression test, social development can predict 31.7% of the variable of citizens' attachment to place, which simply means that social development has about a 32% impact potential among all factors that can affect citizens' attachment to place, which is a considerable amount. Therefore, with any improvement in the social conditions of the city of Rasht, we see an increase in citizens' attachment to their place of residence and city.

In recent years, various researches have been conducted on residents' perception of tourism development and Residents' positive and negative perceptions of tourism development have been taken into consideration. The purpose of this research is to investigate the attitude of the local community of Khalkhal city towards the development of tourism. The data collection tool in this research is a questionnaire and PLS software was used to analyze the data. The results show that the perceived negative economic effects have little effect on the internal satisfaction of the local community. In explaining this issue, it should be said that it is true that due to tourism, the prices of real estate and land in the region have increased greatly, but this issue has not been able to reduce the love of the homeland among the local residents. Also, the loyalty of the residents was confirmed on the inner satisfaction of the local community. This result is completely logical and rational because people love their homeland more than other places and are willing to continue living in it despite the negative effects of tourism. One of the important results of this research is that the local community's attitude towards tourism development is influenced by countless factors, including economic considerations, cultural identity, environmental sustainability, communication methods, historical context and social cohesion. Therefore, knowing and paying attention to these factors is essential and vital for sustainable and successful tourism.

The relationship between tradition and modernity significantly affects society, culture and development discoursee. This research examines the three critical views of tradition as imitation, transmission and transformation, and along with the analysis of their influencing components, it obtains the coordinates of development in effective connection with historical achievements. The main question and goal of this research is the coordinates of Iran's economic development in the era of globalization according to the development plan. Development is a multi-dimensional process that has evolved over time with conceptual challenges and has undergone various dimensions to complete the word. One of its important dimensions is attention to social justice in the framew-agricultural private sector in Iran, which is less industrial and traditional. Dispersion and decentralization of industries to achieve lower income inequality between provinces will create a level of loss, but less loss than in Western countries. Large wage variations explained by economic geography can cause significant internal migration, beyond what is seen in Western countries. In fact, significant internal migration has been observed in Iran in recent years. In fact, the coordinates of Iran's economic development according to the development plan can be pointed out in components such as the lack of balance, disregard for regional and global requirements, the dominance of political and non-scientific views on development, and the lack of long-term strength in the plans.

Human rights are one of the important components that various international organizations seek to develop and promote. The United Nations General Assembly is one of these institutions. According to the course of organizational development in the United Nations General Assembly in human rights issues, which has been analyzed, the relevance of the issue related to the global expectations and demands for the development and formulation of human rights has been emphasized. Of course, this right to development is an indisputable human right by which the United Nations General Assembly participates in it on behalf of various governments, whereby all human rights and fundamental freedoms are fully respected regardless of the structure of the countries without the power component approach. can be realized and this clarification of the language of contemporary human rights. At the same time, this effective approach is a prelude so that all societies can benefit from economic, social, cultural and political development, and it also helps to ensure that human rights institutions are vital for the effective implementation of their roles and responsibilities. have it The type of research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and based on the library method.have it The type of research method in this article is descriptive-analytical and based on the library method.

The Middle East, like other regions of the world, based on the characteristics arising from its history, tradition, value system, and of course its own political structures, is bound to face the reality of globalization as a process of interaction between micro and macro players in the global arena and in economic, social, and political dimensions. And it has been cultural. Especially since a significant part of the requirements of development and macro policies in the region have necessarily been intertwined and related to the issues and issues related to the reality of globalization. The result of the influence of various socio-political forces inside, the regulation of foreign policy, the diversification of economic capacities, and finally the management of security, political, economic and social consequences have been part of the headlines of the governments of the region facing the reality of globalization after 1990. Kuwait and Jordan, as two pioneer kingdoms in the region, faced the globalization process directly. Based on this, in this research, we are trying to answer the question, how has the mutual influence of development and globalization been in the two countries of Kuwait and Jordan? The authors of the article, rely on a comparative and comparative method and focus on the two governments of Kuwait and Jordan as a representative examples of two groups of oil-rich states lacking natural resources in the region under the liberal theoretical framework, as a proposal of the globalization phenomenon,

In 2024, Daron Acemoglu, Simon Johnson, and James Robinson were awarded the Nobel Prize in economics for their research on the role of institutions in economic development. Their studies highlight that inclusive institutions, which promote broad participation in both the economy and politics, are essential foundations for development. In contrast, extractive institutions that serve the interests of specific groups hinder economic and social progress. Iran’s current state, characterized by inefficient, extractive institutions that protect minority interests, disrupts the country's development process. Drawing from the Nobel laureates' findings, it is clear that institutional reforms to enhance transparency, eliminate rent-seeking, and increase public participation are essential for setting the country on a path to development. In Iran, key obstacles to development include policies that favor specific groups over the general population, limited political participation, and the lack of an accountable party system. These economists stress the importance of reforming political and economic institutions to enable inclusive, participatory governance that can foster economic growth.

The theory of developmental state is an approach to industrial and economic development that shares certain features with the policies of Reza Shah’s regime in Iran. This perspective has often been used in Iran to explain the industrial trajectories of the Asian Tigers, as well as to analyze the efforts to adapt to the industrialization trend in the post-Islamic Revolution period. However, the core assumptions of this theory have not yet been thoroughly examined concerning the industrial and economic transformations that occurred during Reza Shah’s rule. In this respect, the present study tried to answer the question of whether Reza Shah’s industrial and financial measures can be understood within the theory of the developmental state. The objective was to evaluate the key indicators of this theory and assess how they align with the developments that took place during Reza Shah’s reign.

The current study adopted a qualitative and explanatory approach, and drew on primary sources such as memoirs, documents, and authentic analytical works from the period to address the research question. Moreover, the theory of developmental state was used as the framework of analysis. The concept of developmental state (also known as developmentalist state) offers a theoretical framework that can help evaluate the economic transformations of Reza Shah’s reign. This theory is based on the idea that government intervention can play a central role the country’s industrial development process. The term developmental state was first popularized by Chalmers Johnson, who used it to describe a theoretical model to explain a reality derived from the experiences of countries such as Japan, Indonesia, South Korea, Botswana, and Taiwan. A distinguishing feature of these countries was their continuous and sustainable economic growth—averaging 4% or more over two decades—accompanied by the increased level of welfare and living standards and effective inflation control. Although these governments did not follow economically liberal models and often advocated for a maximalist system, they simultaneously provided significant support to the private sector through a highly effective and efficient bureaucracy. The theory of developmental state was later developed further by scholars such as Peter Evans and Adrian Leftwich. Leftwich defines developmental states as those whose domestic policies and foreign relations are aimed at gaining power, autonomy, independence, capability, and capacity. These goals are pursued either through the direct organization of economic growth or by fostering conditions that encourage it—or a combination of the two.

The indicators of a developmental state, as applied to the context of Reza Shah’s regime, included a centralized and comprehensive bureaucracy, developmental elites, the absence of a central development body in Iran, state independence, a favorable international environment, and the neglect of agriculture. First, a key requirement of a developmental state is a centralized and comprehensive bureaucracy that extends across the entire country. In this context, bureaucracy refers to a powerful, proficient, and corruption-free network. Prior to the Pahlavi period, Iran lacked such a unified bureaucratic system. With Reza Khan’s rise to power, the need to concentrate power in order to counter internal fragmentation and promote national unity led to the establishment of a unified and comprehensive bureaucracy. However, from the outset, Iran’s administrative system faced significant intellectual, cultural, and managerial challenges. These obstacles prevented it from evolving into an agile, dynamic, and corruption-resistant system. As a result, the bureaucratic system became a persistent obstacle to development—one that continues to affect the country to this day. The administrative system remains dependent, passive, and informal. Within such systems, managers tend to be subordinate to the decisions coming from the top of the political pyramid. The second key indicator was the role of developmental elites. Elites—both executive and intellectual—are regarded as essential to transforming society and advancing the objectives of the state. Under Reza Shah’s regime, Iran’s political elite could be broadly categorized into two groups. The first included individuals such as Davar, Hekmat, Foroughi, and Taghizadeh, who were primarily intellectuals and played a significant role in shaping the cultural and ideological foundations of the state. The second group, which exercised greater influence over political and executive affairs, comprised figures like Teimur Tash, the powerful Minister of the Court, Nosrat al-Dowleh Firouz, Seyyed Mohammad Tadayyon, and Sardar Asad. This dominant group entrenched irrational, self-centered, and anti-developmental practices within government operations, effectively limiting opportunities for capable and competent elites to emerge and advance. In addition, none of the elites during Reza Shah’s reign—including Foroughi, Hekmat, Davar, Kasravi, Taghizadeh, Bahar, and others—produced any substantial work on Iran’s industrial or economic development. Their intellectual contributions, including newspaper articles, were overwhelmingly focused on cultural, literary, political, and civilizational issues. Another important indicator was the absence of a central development body in Iran. The existence of a central organization capable of managing national development through well-designed planning is an essential component of a successful developmental state. Such an institution ensures policy coherence and helps identify and nurture talent. However, during Reza Shah’s rule, no such organization existed. While there were efforts toward industrialization and modernization, the idea of systematic, planned economic development was not operationalized until Reza Shah’s exile. According to Ebtehaj, the failure to institutionalize planning during this period stemmed from Reza Shah’s resistance to the centralization of planning. The fourth indicator was state independence, which refers to the state’s autonomy from reliance on social classes. In the case of Iran, the state was not dependent on any particular class but operated beyond class affiliations. Reza Shah, as the founder of the Pahlavi dynasty, did not view his government as being indebted to any social group or class. Iran’s historical experience suggests that although his regime maintained independence from all social groups, it was also distinctly isolated from them. On the one hand, the government was entirely detached from the religious leadership and groups—who constituted the majority of the population—and there was little to no shared logic. On the other hand, ties with traditional and small merchants—who represented the backbone of Iran’s commercial sector—were also severed.  A favorable international environment is another critical factor in enabling a developmental state. Without a suitable international environment is essential for the export and competitiveness of domestically produced good, developmentalist states face significant challenges. Many argue that the conditions in South Korea and Taiwan after World War II were exceptional. These included unwavering U.S. support aimed at curbing the spread of communism, as well as the broader conditions of the Cold War. In contrast, Iran faced a different set of challenges. During the same period, the competing interests of major powers—particularly Britain and the Soviet Union—acted as major obstacles to Iran’s development. Between the two world wars, Iran was exposed to the rivalry of the superpowers, and its development became subject to their pledge and distraint. The last and sixth indicator was the neglect of agriculture during the reign of Reza Shah. Agriculture was of great importance for reasons such as leveraging the value-added potential of the agricultural sector for industrial expansion, countering the influence of communism, and ensuring the production of affordable and essential food for the population in the developmental state. At the same time, attention to agriculture, along with land reforms in Iran, was necessary and essential, but these goals were not realized in practice. This neglect can be attributed to factors such as the Shah himself becoming the largest landowner in the country.

The research findings indicate that although certain elements of the theory—such as a proficient bureaucracy, a weak civil society, a permanent army, and developmental elites—appear consistent with the political and economic approaches of Reza Shah’s reign, in practice, several critical factors undermined a true alignment. These include the absence of a development planning body, the government’s lack of engagement with social classes, an unfavorable international environment, the elimination of developmental elites and their replacement with non-developmental ones, and Reza Shah’s neglect of essential development measures, such as land reforms, which are considered foundational for national development. What was necessary for real production—across industry, agriculture, services, and especially science and technology—was not achieved, with most sectors remaining subordinate to foreign markets. Iran’s industrial expansion strategy was driven by individual preferences rather than being organization-oriented and purposeful. No organization or collective body was involved in planning economic and industrial growth. For these reasons, despite sharing some characteristics with the theory of developmental state—such as a weak civil society and a permanent army—Reza Shah’s administration cannot be classified as developmentalist.

The concept of development in the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei is contrary to the Western concept of development. In the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei, the Iranian and Islamic model of progress and indigenous development is used instead of the concept of development in its Western concept. Such a reading of development in the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei is because development, according to Western standards and models, originates from humanistic and secular sources, while the Iranian and Islamic model of progress and development is based on spirituality and reliance on Islamic intellectual-philosophical foundations. In the present study, an attempt is made to explain and examine, in addition to the conceptualization of development and its dimensions, the meaning and concept of development, economic, political, cultural and social development based on the views of Ayatollah Khamenei, the nature of the Iranian Islamic model of progress and indigenous development and its place in the thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei. Therefore, in response to this question, it has been formulated that: According to the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei, what manifestations and signs does the Iranian Islamic model of indigenous progress and development rely on and what position does it have in the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei? The hypothesis that is evaluated and tested in response to the research question is that: The Iranian Islamic model of indigenous progress and development relies on manifestations and signs such as: spirituality, popularism, familyism, justice and social security, and adaptation to local requirements, which have priority over the concept of development in its Western concept. It is necessary to remember that the present study is applied from the perspective of its purpose and qualitative from the perspective of data analysis. From the perspective of how the data was collected, it is documentary. From the perspective of its nature, the present study is descriptive and data and findings analysis. The present study has used the theoretical model of development.The concept of development in the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei is contrary to the Western concept of development. In the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei, the Iranian and Islamic model of progress and indigenous development is used instead of the concept of development in its Western concept. Such a reading of development in the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei is because development, according to Western standards and models, originates from humanistic and secular sources, while the Iranian and Islamic model of progress and development is based on spirituality and reliance on Islamic intellectual-philosophical foundations. In the present study, an attempt is made to explain and examine, in addition to the conceptualization of development and its dimensions, the meaning and concept of development, economic, political, cultural and social development based on the views of Ayatollah Khamenei, the nature of the Iranian Islamic model of progress and indigenous development and its place in the thoughts of Ayatollah Khamenei. Therefore, in response to this question, it has been formulated that: According to the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei, what manifestations and signs does the Iranian Islamic model of indigenous progress and development rely on and what position does it have in the teachings of Ayatollah Khamenei? The hypothesis that is evaluated and tested in response to the research question is that: The Iranian Islamic model of indigenous progress and development relies on manifestations and signs such as: spirituality, popularism, familyism, justice and social security, and adaptation to local requirements, which have priority over the concept of development in its Western concept. It is necessary to remember that the present study is applied from the perspective of its purpose and qualitative from the perspective of data analysis. From the perspective of how the data was collected, it is documentary. From the perspective of its nature, the present study is descriptive and data and findings analysis. The present study has used the theoretical model of development.

The theory of human development is one of the new theories of development that has received attention since the 1990s. In this theory, human being enjoying a long, healthy and creative life is the ultimate goal of development, and human development is realized with the effective role of the government. Today, one of the indicators for measuring the level of development of countries is the national and international human development reports. The Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia are two major countries in the Persian Gulf region and the Middle East. The purpose of this research is to investigate the situation of two countries in terms of human development index and also why. Therefore, we are trying to compare the status of human development of Iran and Saudi Arabia. In the 2020 report of this organization, Iran scored 783/. ranked 70, and Saudi Arabia with a score of 854/. It has been assigned the 40th rank. According to the ranking of these two countries, the question arises as to what factors have had the greatest impact on the human development of these two countries? Meanwhile, factors of population, national income per capita, health and life expectancy constitute the difference and influencing factors on the human development index of the two countries.

Jihadi culture is a progressive and non-static culture in Islamic society, and if realized, it can remove obstacles to the revolution, the Islamic system, and society. To realize this, its desirable indicators must be evaluated and, after being identified, put into practice. The most important indicators of jihadi culture include insight, timely action, sincerity, perseverance, duty-orientedness, and obedience to the leadership. This article has tried to examine these indicators by emphasizing the orders of the Supreme Leader and using a "qualitative" method. The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators effective in the development of revolutionary institutions based on jihadi culture so that it can become a model for social behavior in the Islamic system, especially in the political sector. For example, if the jihadi culture model enters the field of developing revolutionary institutions, the indicators of political culture and public participation will grow significantly. As a result, the aforementioned indicators, which are among the most important indicators of jihadi culture in the development of revolutionary institutions, can help the Islamic system and society reach the desired level.

Political and social developments in the international arenas have fundamentally changed the attitude towards development at the world level, and its main components have shifted from mere economic growth to other aspects of development, including political, cultural and social development, and a new concept called "social capital" has emerged. The development topics were of interest to the thinkers and it was proved that social capital can create a sense of trust, cohesion and security through creating connections and forming social networks over time. It has created among a nation and has increased the participation of citizens in various affairs of the society, which can be a huge capital and a solid support for the government in spreading the process of all-round development. The purpose of this research is to explain and analyze the impact of social capital and the relationship of its basic components with progress and development in Iran, especially that one of the reasons for the complicated economic situation in our country is the low level of social capital. Based on the findings of this research, i.e. the correct understanding of the category of social capital and the improvement of its quantitative and qualitative indicators, especially the building of trust among the members of the nation and in order to achieve common social norms, we can hope for more success in the implementation of the development programs of our country. This article is based on a combination of descriptive-analytical methods, collection of library information and available statistics.

Development in all its dimensions is known as one of the most important human desires. This issue has been manifested in the opinions of Iranian jurists, thinkers and intellectuals since the Iranians got acquainted with the West and development. From the point of view of religious intellectuals, development has various elements, the most important of which is the priority of political-cultural development, educational system responsibility and modern interpretations of religious propositions. The central question and purpose of this research is the development components in the opinions of Malekian and Seyyed Javad Tabatabai as two influential thinkers in late Iran. Considering the descriptive-analytical method, it can be said The signs of development in religious intellectual discourse such as Tabataba'i are based on components such as authoritarian democratic government, minority religion, human rights, secularism and pluralism, as well as abandoning ideological religion and turning the public arena into the domain of custom. In this regard, according to recent thinkers, development is emphasized on empirical science, responsibility, abandoning ideology and single-objective speech, putting all religious propositions such as hijab and free experience of faith on all-round development, especially scientific development separated from spirituality. And it means introvert. But specifically, development in Tabatabai's views is formulated with emphasis on authoritarianism, powerful government, rule of law, human development, expediency, democratic elitism, and nationalism over extroverted and philosophical economic development.

Development is one of the most important topics of the governance system.One of the main tools that can be used in understanding the growth of a country and in measuring the policy making process is the qualitative examination of indicators aimed at national development.Cultural development, as one of the three main aspects of territorial development, has always been considered as a necessary and necessary prerequisite for the political and economic development of countries. Our goal of this research is to achieve a brief evaluation of the decisions taken in the contemporary cultural development with the process of exploring the recent political systems.Therefore, we have considered Iran's history for two consecutive periods and have chosen Pahlavi II and the Islamic Republic as our study.After five indicators: "strategy and procedure"; cooperation and awareness; Industry and art; Creation, Belief, Propaganda, and Media" were investigated in the test of two regimes;We found out that although there is a substantial difference between J.A. and the ruling Pahlavi regime in terms of political ideas, but except for the component: "Literature and Architecture", J.A. has a growing or at least equal approach to the measures taken in cultural development in other sectors. The second side has shown.Culture, as the breathing space of a society, is an artefact of a set of elements that shape the mental inductions and behavioral characteristics of the people of a land over many years. The cultural body of any country is the output of temporal-spatial developments governing the men and women of that ecosystem at the intersection of climatic hazards, material blessings, human relations and values and norms established in moral conflicts. From the middle of the Qajar period, Iran witnessed the emergence of cultural and behavioral changes in the inner layers of its identity, by being immersed in the relations of the modern sphere. From the very beginning, the encounter with new technologies and street attractions of Farang people stole the hearts of intellectuals and quickly convinced them that for the prosperity of Iran, they should give in to the cultural transformation of the country. Rather, they should enjoy the dream of more facilities, services and amenities, law and order, and better awareness. This event intensified from the political and economic side after the 1999 coup. From 1306, Reza Khan began to create a judicial system, country divisions and new administrative rules. "Establishing a university and sending students abroad, attracting European advisors in the administration of internal affairs, creating an army and trained military forces, expanding highways, equipping several central cities with the intention of multiplying urbanization and limiting rural and nomadic life" were among them.Such unilateral actions gradually changed the national culture and customary norms. With the requirement to wear a uniform from 1307 and the introduction of the mandatory hijab from 1314 following the limitation of religious propaganda and the economic weakening of religious institutions, the expression of spirituality decreased. After that, with the developmentist literature of Parsons, under the pretext of "expanding the scientific approach, fighting superstitions, meritocracy, specialization, centralization, expediency, elite selection and the creation of a systematic bureaucracy", the cultural development of Iran is synonymous with emptying the national identity and becoming more and more similar to The life of Europeans started. Therefore, denouncing religion and mocking the tradition was recognized as a sign of apostasy. With the spread of the translated works of the intellectuals and the partial implementation of the orders of the British, French and Russian graduates; Fascination with laicity, secularism and relativism became the religion of Islam and exposed the indigenous culture to suicide and eclecticism between traditional and modern aspects.The process of cultural development, passing through two decades of Pahlavi's first efforts under the influence of Turkey's dependent development model, begins with the establishment of Mohammad Reza. The cultural development of Pahlavi II started in the forties and its preparations were planned after the August 28 coup. On the other hand, with the occurrence of the Islamic Revolution, the basic policies of the country underwent transformation and the schema of cultural identity and view of progress changed. Mass media and cultural propaganda and international impositions intensified and made Iran enter another space. The investigation of the country's cultural policies in two consecutive periods was investigated in this article in order to find out what line the cultural development process of contemporary Iran has taken. On the other hand, considering the indicators of development in Western classical formats is not in our nature; Because it cannot provide a model that fits Iranian cultural and ecological signs. But it is necessary to take into consideration the commonalities by extracting the indicators of cultural development in the West and combining them efficiently with the Iranian development model, so that through their rational selection, a comparative approach can be obtained to measure the country's cultural situation; Therefore, in the present study, the efforts of the researchers are focused on exploring the cultural development process of the country during the periods of stability of Pahlavi II and the Islamic Republic. This statement should be organized in a way that can expose the cultural policies of the country to a critical description and a brief but scientific comparison through a precise tool.