functions

The importance of urban environmental issues has never been more visible than today. Because today, cities are considered as the most important achievement of technological, economic, cultural and social efforts of man, which has increased in proportion to the rapid growth of urban population and urbanization, consumption of resources and the spread of environmental pollution in cities. This article has tried to identify and cluster the drivers affecting the future state of urban metabolism in the 22nd district of Tehran metropolis with the method of structural analysis. Theoretical data was prepared by document method and experimental data by survey method based on Delphi technique. The statistical population is 20 urban experts based on targeted sampling and development drivers, 36 driving forces in 5 economic, social, institutional-management, physical and environmental dimensions, which have been processed by structural interaction analysis method in MICMAC software. The findings, in terms of the overall analysis of the system environment, showed that 645 relationships have the number 3, and this means that the relationships of the key drivers are very large and have great influence. Also, other results of the research from the analysis of mutual effects indicate the dispersion of driving forces in a complex and intermediate situation of effectiveness and effectiveness; The clustering system of thrusters indicates the concentration of dual thrusters. Out of a total of 36 driving forces of development, 8 key drivers including urban infrastructure, urban structure, population growth, housing development, adoption of sustainable technologies, environmental protection, health and safety, and development of cultural and recreational facilities have been identified.

This article intends to examine the positions and process of resource mobilization of the National Council of Iran and the Rah-e Kargar Organization, which are respectively the most important monarchist and left-wing Marxist groups opposed to the Islamic Republic. The theoretical framework of the present article is based on Charles Tilly's theory of political mobilization, in which, based on the variables of collective action, organization, interests, resource mobilization, opportunity / threat and repression / facilitation, the resource mobilization process of these two groups is comparatively examined And will present their similarities. Also, the positions of these two groups towards the Islamic Republic will be considered in a comparative study. This study seeks to answer the main question of what is the process of positions and mobilization of resources of the Labor Organization and the National Council of Iran towards the system of the Islamic Republic of Iran. The findings of this study, using a qualitative method of documentary analysis, indicate that the positions and process of political mobilization of the two groups have major differences in such a way that the possibility of any alliance and close cooperation is ruled out due to fundamental differences between them; However, both of them equally want to overthrow the Islamic Republic and replace it with their own political system.

Throughout history, scientific institutes have been the most important drivers of civilization, but with the pervasiveness of social media, some universities have become more organized and limited to practical and business topics and provide special services; it is possible for universities to lag behind or be removed from the cycle of civilization. Functionalism, on the other hand, is a factor in the survival of present and future institutions. An examination of most sources shows that universities have two common functions of education and production of knowledge for the modernization of Islamic civilization. In this research, twenty-seven civilizational functions of universities from thirty expert samples of the statistical community, in accordance with the four layers of layered analysis of causes and by the government breakdown, society and modern Islamic civilization, and in the same format for universities are explained, and are arranged. The functions of the four layers and the three stages are interdependent and overlap, but the functions of the Islamic government stage are priority and of greater importance.Universities must redefine and re-engineer their functions in this context of the Islamic Revolution. Functions should not be treated as ceremonies or slogans, but each function should be systematically institutionalized in all upstream documents, structures and processes of universities.

Social capital plays a Determinant role in the implementation of public policies. Implementation is a step of the policy-making process that is the place of operational realization of policy objectives. The purpose of this study was to investigate the functions and dysfunctions of social capital in the implementation of population policies. The research philosophy is "interpretive" and the approach is "inductive". The research strategy is "case study" and the way of collecting information is "interview". The content analysis technique is used to analyze the interview data. By analyzing data, 47 primary themes, 6 organizing themes and 2 comprehensive themes were calculated and the theoretical model of the research was formed, according to which social harmony, constructive social interactions and collective conscience are in the category of social capital functions. And the weakness of social harmony, destructive social interactions and the weakness of collective conscience are the dysfunctions of social capital.

Globalization has been a transformative phenomenon that has brought about major changes in the position of these states and their constituent states since the last years of the twentieth century by challenging the authority and sovereign boundaries of modern governments. It has minimized the integration of countries into the world community. This phenomenon aims to unite everyone under a transnational law and rule the world by transforming the world. Modern national governments have also witnessed fundamental changes under the influence of globalization and its functions in various fields of political, economic, cultural and Security is facing a serious challenge. Thus, these states in these areas have had to accept some restrictions and adjust their power in exercising their national sovereignty. In this article, while examining and analyzing the concept of dimensions and indicators of globalization and modern governments, the impact of globalization on the functions of modern governments has been discussed

Political jurisprudence as an interdisciplinary approach in relation to jurisprudence and politics as two branches of knowledge serve different functions proportionate to the time when the jurists(faqihs) exert their authority over society and when there is maximal possibility to enforce the Law (shariÝah). Accordingly, political jurisprudence takes into account numerous functions and strategies in line with what guides the society towards happiness and prosperity and the ideal way in which a society is governed. Such things as the ‘establishment of an Islamic system of government and enforcement of Islamic laws and regulations in all aspects of human life’, ‘taking governmental approach to fiqh and leading independent judgments in religious affairs (ijtihÁd) toward the way in which a country is governed ideally’ and ‘how nations’ lives are run’, ‘meeting the needs of societies’, ‘making developments in human worldly affairs’, and, last but not least, ‘establishing human societies’ are good cases in point. In line with understanding the basic components of political fiqh such things as ends and functions as well as consideration of the up-to-date implications of political fiqh, this research work has taken into consideration the review and reappraisal of the Grand Leader, Ayatollah Khamenei’s views in this regard, assumes pollical figh to have new functions and numerous responsibilities drawing upon a data-based method.

The purpose of this study is to examine and explain the network characteristics and the functions of human resource, related to each network by using human resource architecture to boost mutual learning in Sapco Company. The research method is exploratory-descriptive and data collection is based on quantitative studies (questionnaires) that were carried out in three stages. After theoretical studies, in the first stage, the architecture questionnaire was distributed in order to differentiate between managers’ and vice chairpersons, occupations of Sapco Company. After and specifying which occupation is related to which category, the grid questionnaire, designed in terms of density, homogeneity, and trust, was distributed among occupations. Then, human resource functions questionnaire, designed in terms of bonus, performance appraisal and education and development, was distributed among managers and vice-chair persons to determine the appropriate type of human resource function for every type of architecture. The data from quantitative studies (questionnaires) were analyzed by inferential analysis and by using a single-sample t-test (t-student). The results of this research point to the fact that knowledge-based occupations have a moderate density and homogeneity, but enjoy high-level internal and external trust. Occupations categorized in the type of occupational-oriented architecture have a high density, homogeneity and in-group trust. Ultimately, there was a high degree of heterogeneity between staff according to the type of allies, low density and low level of coordination, and high degree of out-group trust. By identifying the characteristics of each type of architecture, managers can better do the planning for their employees. It was also found that in the various types of networks, human resource functions should be developed to enhance bilateralism in the organization.

This study aimed to analyze the article1of the law of objectives, functions and structure of the Ministry of Science, Research and Technology and study cohesion of science, research and technology policies since 1383. To this aim, coherence and alignment of policies at two levels (vertical integration and horizontal integration) has been considered based on content analysis and documentation of four components (policy objectives, policy tools, institutions and enforcement authority) has been conducted. The results of the analysis documentation show that coherence between policies, both vertically (31.22 percent) or horizontal (between mega policies, 25%) is not desirable.

Futures Studies is an emerging science-techno which has brought important achievements for countries and societies in a way that it is now estimated as an important tool for policymaking, decision-making and strategy-making. Today there are widespread struggles inside the closed circle of powerful countries to attain sustainable, competitive advantages in order to proactively manage and control the world. Projects like Globalization and concepts like Millennium are the outcome of such struggles. So, competition in this area has formed worldwide players having diverse goals and inclinations. This event intensifies the importance of accessing more powerful approaches in the area of Futures Studies. Undoubtedly, beyond any other school and system of thinking, Islam intellectual and philosophical system especially the credible scientific sources of Shiite can explain the most strategic problems in Futures thinking. One of the excellent and rich contexts in this system is Mahdaviat thinking or Mahdavi Utopia, because the belief in Last Day Messiah or Rescuer is the preference of all Devine and human religions. Yet, it is only in the realm of Islam- and not any other sect or religion- that one may access the full capacity of using Devine thoughts regarding Futures-thinking. So, it is worthy to accomplish credible and comprehensive studies in the area of Mahdaviat system of futures-thinking. In this paper, we try to deeply investigate Futures functions of Mahdaviat through an analytic survey of Shiite credible sources. This paper is in the area of strategic studies and philosophical studies of science based on five dimensions of epistemology, methodology, ontology, axiology and Semiotics.

From the very beginning, mosques have turned into an inalienable part of Muslim life and continued its function in later historical periods, something which has not been the subject of but a few individual works. Therefore, mosques need to be more investigated to grasp their all-inclusive role especially in the important events such as Islamic revolution. Thus the question is still: what functions had mosques had in the political mobilization leading to the victory of Islamic revolution? Probably long credibility of mosques and their correspondence with social culture and beliefs have turned them into revolutionary organizations such that in comparison with modern civil organizations, mosques took over such organizations. This article is aimed at first expressing unparalleled importance of mosques and then mentioning their being institutions in historical events especially in Shiite society. It is only possible through a descriptive analysis to achieve this end. Highlighting the necessity of mosque's role in the preservations of developments they have created themselves is among the findings of this paper.

There are two different approaches about the function of the media. Some, such as: Hiebert have positive comments to media, and argues that the mass media play a crucial role in the provision and formation of ideas and introduce us to the world that it's not possible to have a introduction of world by the different ways. In contrast, others believe that cultural industries led to the enslavement of human beings, and force Human beings be available to the media and did not have the authority and self-determination. Now according to the two different views about media, the present study that is a qualitative research and libraries Begin with the question of the plurality of the media and its impact on the future of Afghanistan. To respond to questions, First positive and negative function of media is discussed according to the environment and the situation in Afghanistan, and has concluded that negative function of media is more than positive one. Because the Afghan media, is completely dependent on foreign countries that supply them financially. When organizations, political, economical, educational and communicational institutions of a country is dependent on other they Tries to provide interests and aspirations of the country which provides their funding. That is why the media in Afghanistan tries to promote the culture of banality, extravagance, luxury, idolatry, violence, prostitution and breaking norms; Which want to change ideas, beliefs, values and motivations through western, Turkish, Indian and Arabic films; Because changes in constituent elements of culture change in other parts of culture like the language,, the arts and customs. They will provide them for alienation and slavery to sell their cultural products easier by making Changes in beliefs, values and motivations.

Supervision is of great importance in Islamic system and its religious sources. Islamic sources contain practical teachings about the subject of supervision. Public supervision and responsibility are religious duties and the responsibility of all people who are in close interaction with «Amre be Maroof and Nahye az Monkar». The main question concerns the aims and functions of supervision in Islam''s political system. There has been an effort to refer to divine verses and narratives in order to explain the subject in a documented way and the expansion and the divinity of these aims and functions are proved from different religious، political and social views.

Considering the ruling systems of countries, any country has special theoretical bases on which the theoretical bases for laws of that country are specified, compiled, and approved by the scholars, elite, and leaders of the country. The constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran also has functions which, in some cases, are unique and, in many cases, are similar to the legal functions of other countries. But, this constitution from the standpoint of theoretical bases is unique and new stemming from principles of Islamic ideologies and reflected in the opinions of the countries elite, including Imam Khomeini (r) and Shahid Ayatollah Beheshti (r). In this paper, some functions and then the theoretical bases for the constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the opinions of these two scholars are researched.