problem-solving styles

The present study was conducted to predict problem-solving styles based on the dimensions of self-differentiation in substance-dependent individuals.

This research was of descriptive-correlational type, and its statistical population included substance-dependent males and females who referred to the addiction treatment centers in the city of Arak in 2020. The study sample consisted of 270 people selected by convenience sampling method. The research tool was the self-differentiation questionnaire and the problem-solving Strategies scale. The data were analyzed with Pearson's correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis.

The results showed that the dimensions of self-differentiation were significantly related to the problem-solving styles in substance-dependent individuals. Also, regression analysis indicated that mixing with others could predict creativity styles and self-confidence. In addition, emotional breakdown explained approach and helplessness styles. In addition, the emotional reaction in the second step could predict creativity and approach styles. Emotional reaction also predicted the restraint style, but the position of the self could not predict any of the problem-solving styles.

According to these findings, the level of self-differentiation plays a significant role in predicting ways of coping with problems and events of daily life in substance-dependent individuals. For this reason, it is necessary to include measures to improve the level of differentiation in addiction prevention programs for children and adolescents, as well as in the treatment of substance-dependent individuals.

One of the concepts that has been considered by researchers in preventing all kinds of injuries and malfunctions such as addiction and can help the literature related to the field of addiction is the degree of its differentiation. Understanding differentiation informs us of how individuals shape their behavior within the larger social context. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between their levels of differentiation and problem solving styles in drug addicts.

The research was descriptive-correlational and was conducted among those addicts in Kashan who had referred to addiction treatment centers in this city in 1400. Among them, 270 eligible subjects were selected by available sampling method and were asked to complete the Scorne differentiation questionnaires and Cassidy and Lang problem solving methods.

Analysis of data with Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that there is a significant relationship between their levels of differentiation and problem solving methods in addicts. This relationship was positive with constructive and efficient problem solving styles and inverse with non-constructive and inefficient styles.

The findings indicate that the level of differentiation is low in most addicts; For this reason, they are more likely to use inefficient methods of problem solving in the face of problems and events in their daily lives; Therefore, it is necessary to provide training to improve their level of differentiation in addiction prevention programs for children and adolescents, as well as in addiction treatment programs. This has a great impact on the use of effective and efficient methods of problem solving in the face of life problems and problems, and as a result, they will resort to drugs less to adapt to life problems and events.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of mindfulness training on impulsivity and problem-solving styles in substance-dependent men.

The present study was quasi-experimental with pretest-posttest and follow up design with a control group. The statistical population of the study included all substance-dependent men referred to the residential addiction treatment center in Islamshahr in 2019 (n=123). Among them, a sample of 40 individuals was selected by purposive sampling method and randomly assigned into the experimental (n=20) and control (n=20) groups. Participants completed the impulsivity scale and the problem-solving styles questionnaire in pretest, posttest, and follow up. The experimental group underwent eight 60-minute sessions of mindfulness training, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that mindfulness training improved impulsivity and problem-solving styles in the posttest phase and this effect remained stable during follow up phase.

The results of the present study showed that mindfulness training can be used as an appropriate method to improve impulsivity and problem-solving styles in substance-dependent men, and thus reduces the harmful effects of addiction.

The objective of this study was to compare the social skills, positive thinking skills and problem-solving methods in male and female students at the 3rd degree of high school in Zahedan. The present investigation is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the study is all female and male students of Zahedan who are studying at the third year of high school in the 2017- 2018 academic year. The sample of this study was 152 students (76 girls and 76 boys) picked by multistage cluster random sampling. The tools applied in this study were Ingram and Winnick’s Positive Thinking Questionnaire, Problem-Solving Scale (PSS), The Teenage Inventory of Social Skills (TISS). A t-test was used comparing the mean of two independent groups to analyze the data. The results indicated that there is a significant difference between the mean scores of girls and boys in the components of social skills questionnaire; there is a meaningful difference between the mean scores of girls and boys in the questionnaire of positive thinking skills, 95%. Also, there is no notable difference between the mean scores of girls and boys concerning the elements of trust in problemsolving and avoidance techniques, at 95% confidence level. However, in the total score of the questionnaire and the components of inability in problem-solving, problemsolving leading, creativity and orientation style, there exist a significant difference.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between job burnout & problem solving styles with life quality in personnel of university. The research was descriptive and correlation method. Sampling method was convenience and content in 100 of educational personnel of science & research Branch University. To collect data from standardized questionnaire was used. The research instruments included Maslach Job burnout (1986), Heppner & Peterson problem solving inventory (1982) & life quality test (1993) which are common and all of these instruments reliability and validity have been confirmed in several studies. To analyze the data, was used Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis. The results showed that variables correlate with life quality and this correlation coefficient was negative & inverse. Hypothesizes was confirmed. With 95 percent (p