نشریه دانش مبارزه با مواد مخدر
پیاپی 4 (پاییز و زمستان 1400)

Today, futures research approaches and methods, such as scenario planning, can take police planners and decision-makers beyond traditional planning methods and prepare them in the face of drug crimes and potential future events. This study aims to explain the prevention of drug trafficking in the railway fleet using scenario planning method.

The present study is a developmental research in terms of purpose. This research is one of the "descriptive-survey" methods according to its objectives; in this research, the model of predicting social crises has been used. The statistical population of this study included 120 deputies, managers and employees of the Anti-Narcotics Police, the NAJA Prevention Police, the Presidential Anti-Narcotics Headquarters, and the heads of the country's railway police, who were selected in full.

The findings showed that the component "change the method and technique of drug trafficking in the railway fleet"; "Geography of drug crime"; "The type of drugs and the activity of gangs in the railway fleet" and "time factors in the continuation of drug trafficking" have been the most important predictive indicators in the form of 12 scenarios.

Future research using scenario planning method can be used as a new management tool for planning in the police force .To help managers and decision makers change their attitudes toward imaginary realities and to bring their attitudes as close as possible to existing or emerging realities.

The rapid growth of urbanization has led to the creation of marginalized areas and informal settlements, and as a result, has led to the spread of social harms, especially drug trafficking. The aim of this study was to identify new ways to deal with the formation of drug trafficking centers on the outskirts of Hamadan.

This research was conducted within the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data research method of the foundation to achieve the views of the participants. Participants in the present study included 14 experts and specialists who were present in the implementation of the research by observing the principle of theoretical saturation and using the snowball sampling method until the theoretical saturation was reached.

Findings showed that the use of technical equipment based on tracking and location, new cyberspace, new equipment based on image and sound and new technologies discovered as "methods based on the use of new technologies", construction of necessary and vital places and headquarters, pleasant Physical and environmental, providing environmental and physical facilities and legality, as "methods based on the development of new urban space and organizing physical irregularities" and finally; Information management with the approach of grassroots and neighborhood-based, thematic, temporal, virtual aristocracy and interaction and capacity building as "methods based on the promotion of intelligence-law enforcement aristocracy" to deal with the formation of drug trafficking centers on the outskirts of Hamadan.

The results showed that the use of modern science in the world has a significant role in preventing the formation of drug trafficking centers. Therefore, it was suggested that the police, by equipping themselves with the latest technology in the world, take action against the widespread and comprehensive fight against drugs in the marginal areas and prevent the formation of crime hotspots.

 Studies show that cyberspace sites and networks have become a safe haven for drug dealers and criminals. On the other hand, dealing with it also faces many challenges. The present study aimed to identify the challenges of police confrontation in the fight against drugs in cyberspace.

The research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of type and method. The research method in this study is based on the method and nature of descriptive-analytical. Reliability above 70% responded.

The findings showed that among the existing challenges; Geographical challenges; Cultural; social; Political and economic issues are among the most important police challenges in the fight against drugs in cyberspace that need to be addressed.

The results of this study showed the challenges of geographical challenges; Cultural; social; Political and economic have the most impact, respectively.

Targeted confrontation with emerging drugs and psychotropic substances in the international arena requires appropriate aggressive and preventive strategies in line with the nature of criminal activities. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of presenting a model of international cooperation with the approach of counter-narcotics and emerging psychotropic substances.

This research has been done in the framework of a qualitative approach and using the data research method of the foundation. Research participants include experts (military affiliates of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the region and internationally, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Ministry of Interior (International Affairs), regional and international affairs of the NAJA Anti-Narcotics Police, Anti-Narcotics Headquarters The Republic, the International Police and the NAJA Security Police and the NAJA Narcotics Officers in Neighboring Countries until the theoretical saturation) and 12 people were selected as the participants of the study using the snowball sampling method. MAXQDA software was used to analyze the qualitative data.

The findings of the content analysis of the interviews showed that in the process of international cooperation with the anti-narcotics approach and emerging psychopaths, 3 dimensions, 7 components and 21 indicators should be considered.

The results showed that effective dimensions in international cooperation with the approach of counter-narcotics and emerging psychotropics can be in the form of three dimensions: 1- Regional or international bilateral or multilateral cooperation, 2- Interaction and cooperation regarding the implementation of Article 43 of the Anti-Narcotics Law of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the field of controlled shipments and 3- Exchange of information on emerging drug shipments and emerging psychotropic substances. The output of the present study led to the design of a model of international cooperation with the approach of combating drugs and emerging psychotropic substances.

Addictive substances and violent crimes are global problems and Iran is one of the countries that has received the most negative impact in this regard. In this study, we intend to explain the direct or indirect role of addictive substances in committing violent crimes.

This research is of the type of content analysis in terms of applied purpose and in terms of method and qualitative method. For this purpose, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 NAJA employees who are directly involved in the fight against narcotics and violent crime and have been purposefully selected. The software used in this research was Max QDO, which collected a set of basic themes during the coding process and then extracted the organizing themes; In the axial and selective coding stages, the comprehensive and basic themes of selection and the link between these categories were explained and the coding map was drawn as a theoretical model as the result of the work using the mentioned software.

The research findings show that many anger crimes are related to addictive substances. Individual causes and addictive drug use environments and competition between drug and psychotropic drug gangs and gangs are among the causes and factors that affect violent crimes in society. 

Sexual crimes and violent conflicts lead to beatings and injuries occur in addictive environments and these environments are also effective in communication between violent offenders. On the other hand, many violent and terrorist crimes against the police and the people are directly and indirectly related to addictive substances.

One of the concepts that has been considered by researchers in preventing all kinds of injuries and malfunctions such as addiction and can help the literature related to the field of addiction is the degree of its differentiation. Understanding differentiation informs us of how individuals shape their behavior within the larger social context. The present study was conducted to investigate the relationship between their levels of differentiation and problem solving styles in drug addicts.

The research was descriptive-correlational and was conducted among those addicts in Kashan who had referred to addiction treatment centers in this city in 1400. Among them, 270 eligible subjects were selected by available sampling method and were asked to complete the Scorne differentiation questionnaires and Cassidy and Lang problem solving methods.

Analysis of data with Pearson correlation coefficient revealed that there is a significant relationship between their levels of differentiation and problem solving methods in addicts. This relationship was positive with constructive and efficient problem solving styles and inverse with non-constructive and inefficient styles.

The findings indicate that the level of differentiation is low in most addicts; For this reason, they are more likely to use inefficient methods of problem solving in the face of problems and events in their daily lives; Therefore, it is necessary to provide training to improve their level of differentiation in addiction prevention programs for children and adolescents, as well as in addiction treatment programs. This has a great impact on the use of effective and efficient methods of problem solving in the face of life problems and problems, and as a result, they will resort to drugs less to adapt to life problems and events.

Coping with cultivation of poppy and hemp is One of the patterns of law enforcement is to deal with the supply of drugs, which can control the supply of drugs and increase the satisfaction of the people of the country. The main purpose of this research is to identify the most effective ways to deal with poppy cultivation and control.

‌This research ‌ has been done with a qualitative ‌ and ‌phenomenological Approach ‌. ‌Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. ‌Participants ‌In ‌This ‌Research included 20 ‌People ‌Of ‌Experts ‌Document ‌Drugs ‌And ‌Approached ‌People ‌who ‌Selected by Targeted ‌Sampling. Data analysis was performed in the form of analytical and cognitive phenomenological interpretation and based on common methods of analysis in qualitative studies and based on the same design.

The results of the above research show that this is the case. ‌However ‌All the methods in question ‌ are effective ‌ in the promotion of quantitative and qualitative measures related to the containment and detection of the crime in question, ‌But the effectiveness of ‌management ‌methods is more than others Because ‌the Effectiveness ‌and ‌Success of Other methods influence Achieving ‌‌to Determined goals  and the effectiveness of intelligence method was more than disciplinary and operational methods And technological and preventive methods and work as tools in promoting operational methods and, as a result, achieving the goals and objectives of managerial methods.

Understanding the dangers and harms of society, including the phenomenon of addiction, plays an important role in preventing people from becoming trapped in addiction. This issue is especially prominent among adolescents and young people who are influenced by various educational factors and channels and the media. The present study seeks to investigate the most important indicators affecting the perception of the risk of drug addiction among adolescents and young people in Isfahan.

The present research was applied and the research method was field and questionnaire. The study population in this study is adolescents and young people in Isfahan, of which 384 people were randomly questioned and effective indicators on understanding the risk of addiction were assessed. The present article identifies several factors such as sensitizing individuals and the environment, informing families, educating teachers and educators, the role of groups and media, cleaning up polluted and dangerous environments, using patterns to create knowledge about the risk of addiction, and the role of rules and regulations in understanding The danger of the phenomenon of addiction has been noticed and these variables have been provided to the sample community, ie adolescents and youth of Isfahan province. The results of the research, which was conducted using SPSS at both descriptive and analytical levels, confirmed the role of the expressed variables in understanding the risk of addiction and their impact on this perception.

The proposed proposals include the use of successful models, cleaning the environment of addiction, emphasizing the role of the media, family and educators in schools and universities, which can act as a primary prevention role. Sensitivity to adolescents and young people means understanding their behaviors, realizing the type of choice of friends and places that if left unchecked can cause them to fall into the trap of addiction. Laws and regulations can also increase the hand of the judiciary and law enforcement agencies in dealing with the perpetrators of youth and adolescent deviance.

The results indicate that attention to cultural strategies in comparison with other strategies, by influencing the attitude of the target community plays an important role in understanding the risk of drug addiction among adolescents and young people. Also to raise awareness and understand the dangers of drugs from an educational point of view; Includes awareness through educators and teachers in schools and universities and in operational terms; Includes strike operations to clean up contaminated environments and even identify anonymous addicts.

  Substance abuse is a behavior with physical, psychological, social and economic consequences that have adverse effects on his physical, psychological and social functioning. The purpose of this comparison was the effectiveness of acceptance and commitment-based training and neurofeedback on the desire to treat and reduce physical symptoms in heroin users in Tehran. 

This research was a quasi-experimental study with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all people with substance abuse who had referred to one of their referral centers. Forty-five people from this population were randomly selected by lottery in two groups of 15 experiments and one group of 15 controls as a sample. The groups were evaluated with a mental health questionnaire and a change and desire for treatment questionnaire. Data were analyzed using repeated measures mixed analysis of variance.

  The results showed that there was no significant difference between the mean post-test scores of the neurofeedback and ACT groups on improving the desire for treatment and physical symptoms. However, ACT training and neurofeedback sessions are effective on the desire to treat and reduce physical symptoms in the samples.

Based on the results, ACT along with neurofeedback sessions can improve the speed and quality of treatment by improving the desire for treatment and reducing the physical symptoms in heroin addicts.

Cultivation, production and trafficking of narcotics has become one of the most important challenges and threats in the world today, because the adverse consequences of the production and trade of this deadly opioid substance, despite challenging the economic development of countries, still threaten the health of society. It makes people vulnerable and leads them to death and nothingness. Drug trafficking as an undesirable social phenomenon has several economic and social causes, and due to the importance of the issue of crime in different countries, in recent years, extensive studies have been conducted to identify and explain the causes.

The present study is of analytical, inferential, analytical-survey type and is applied based on design and modeling. The statistical population of the present study is statistics and data related to economic indicators and drug trafficking in Iran during the years 2007 to 2016. Statistics of detainees in the field of drug trafficking, whose information was recorded in the anti-narcotics police system and the NAJA Deputy for Planning and Budget, and data related to economic indicators were obtained from the Statistics Center of Iran. In this study, using the effect of dynamic spatial regression (spatial-temporal autoregressive), the effect of economic indicators on the rate of drug trafficking in Iran was analyzed. In this regard, R software has been used to analyze and estimate the parameters in the model.

The obtained results show that in the period under study, among the 5 variables of unemployment, per capita income, Gini coefficient, Kakovani coefficient, industrialization, three variables of unemployment rate, Kakovani coefficient and industrialization are among the important and influential variables on drug trafficking in Has been a country.

Based on the research results, it was found that a one percent increase in unemployment rate variables leads to a 24 percent increase in drug trafficking rates; And a one percent increase in the industrialization index reduces the drug trafficking rate by about 22 percent. Also, the Kakwani coefficient of 17% had a negative effect on drug trafficking, in other words, the lower the poverty rate in the society, the lower the 17% decrease in drug trafficking.

One of the main concerns of youth planners, officials and families is the tendency of young people to turn to drugs. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the social factors affecting the tendency to addiction among young people with a layered causal analysis (CLA) approach as a method of futures research and using the collective opinions of university experts and addiction specialists, while identifying The current state of addiction adds depth to the analysis and its barriers and challenges, and identifies the issue of addiction among young people and provides strategies and mechanisms for transition.

This research has been done in terms of exploratory purpose and using qualitative method as well as data collection through in-depth interviews. The statistical population of this study is university professors and addiction specialists, including welfare counselors and camp managers who have a university education or a history of research or practical activities in the field of addiction; In total, the interviews with the twelfth person were saturated and continued until the twelfth person.

In this article, using causal layer analysis to split the different layers that affect the issue of drug addiction in young people, different scenarios for the future are considered. In this regard, based on the analysis of the lower layers and according to the degree of uncertainty and importance, the two drivers of "socio-cultural factors" and "psychological factors" were identified and based on them, the desired scenarios were designed.

Paying attention to cultural and social affairs and treatment strategies and using scientific and academic research should be useful in preventing youth addiction.

One of the main concerns of planners, therapists and families of addicts is permanent withdrawal and non-return to drugs. Accordingly, the present study aims to investigate the role of social factors in the sustainable withdrawal of drugs among those who have succeeded in quitting addiction, families and professionals in the field of addiction.

This research has been done qualitatively with semi-structured individual interviews. Eighteen addicts who managed to quit addiction, families and professionals participated in the study. The information obtained from the interviews was qualitatively analyzed using data analysis software (MAXQDA) in the form of open, axial and selective coding of data-driven theory.

Findings obtained from the analysis of the interviews indicate that six main categories were extracted, which are: others' views, lifestyle, family, social relations, group therapy, and finally the category called causal conditions from the perspective. The addicted person is healed. 

Sustainable group support and empathy of people with the addicted person that motivates them to leave permanently.