Management

Purpose and context:

 In this research, the motivational factors of Mazandaran police officers have been identified and a solution has been provided for their promotion. The security and necessity is that according to the motivational factors in police officers, the factors affecting the motivation should be identified and by strengthening it by the managers, the efficiency of the organization should be increased. This research was conducted in order to investigate the motivational factors of Mazandaran police officers in the time frame of the first half of 1403.

The current research is a descriptive type that was carried out with a practical purpose and a survey method. The statistical population of this research includes all the employees of the police intelligence base of Mazandaran province police command in the first half of 1403. Based on the table of Karajesi and Morgan, 30 people were selected as the sample size using stratified random sampling method (according to gender). To collect the required data from a questionnaire whose content validity has been confirmed by experts, which is 0.89.

 Findings and results of the research:

 The final results showed that the most effective motivational factors in Mazandaran police officers are 1- style of command and management and leadership, 2- rewards, 3- conditions of the work environment and job characteristics, 4- ways to promote the factors. They are motivational. Among these, the identified indicators of motivational factors related to organization management include: creating trust between managers and detectives, the desirability of the management style and method of superior managers, the existence of intimacy in the relationship between the director of the department and the detective, sympathy and affinity between the director of the department and The detective is the appropriateness of the command and management style and leadership in the workplace. that the observance of justice and regulations in the career promotion of employees, transparency and clarity of organizational goals, the existence of organizational affiliation, delegation of authority to detectives in the performance of duties, the existence of opportunities for advancement and promotion in the career field, awareness, attention to expertise and skills in employing people in police jobs Awareness, creation of life safety, increase or promotion of job security, offering additional specialized courses to detectives, the type and nature of your work and job responsibility in awareness, paying attention to the suggestion of detectives in work fields, involving detectives in decision-making. The factors related to them, the degree of control and feedback of your performance by superiors, etc. are among the motivational factors related to the conditions of the work environment and the characteristics of the job.

Nowadays, in a global approach, traffic managers with a problem-oriented perspective have turned to the use of interdisciplinary. they use collaborative, round-trip, reflective and creative features. Therefore, the main goal of this research is to study the strategic principles of interdisciplinary management in traffic.

This research was applied in terms of purpose, from the point of view of the combined nature with the exploratory approach. The participants in the qualitative part were the experts of the police faculty of traffic sciences and traffic techniques and the statistical community in the quantitative part were high accident experts and transportation and traffic experts of Tehran municipality. Sampling in the qualitative part by a purposeful method based on criteria and in the quantitative part by a stratified random method in proportion to the sample size, the number of 136 people was equal to the Morgan table. To analyze the collected data in the qualitative part of the research, two-level theme analysis was used using MAXQDA2022 software, and in the quantitative part, confirmatory factor analysis was used, and Smart PLS software was used to validate the obtained model.

with the value of T-statistics 38/643, legal-executive infrastructures with the value of T-statistics 37/959, communication With industry with the value of 32.521 T statistics and evaluation management with the value of 7.571 T statistics, the greatest impact was related to the dimension of collaborative management and the least impact was related to the dimension of evaluation management. In addition, the factor loadings of all dimensions are more than 0.5, which are significant at the 0.95 level.

The prerequisite for interdisciplinary traffic management is participation, evaluation, communication and multidimensional attitude, which needs to be provided with its legal, executive and scientific foundations and infrastructures. Also, considering the close and continuous connection between the dimensions of traffic management, moving towards interdisciplinary management by creating a leading organization as the guardian of the country's traffic in this area is not only a need but a necessity.

In the issue of land grabbing crime detection, there is a need to design a management model to integrate the implementation of the approved and of course different guidelines of relevant organizations.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, in terms of descriptive-analytical nature and in terms of mixed method. The studied community in the qualitative phase, informed experts with a theoretically saturated sample size of 11 sub-organizations of land affairs, environmental protection, Ministry of Roads and Urban Development, Police Command And the Public Prosecutor's Office and Revolution Department, a small number of land grabbing crime detection experts of the Economic Security Police of the province are considered to be 32 people, which considering the total number, the sample size was not meaningful. In the qualitative section, the semi-structured interview research tool was used to analyze the data, thematic analysis and open and selective coding. SPSS software was used.

In this research, 4 dimensions include 1- Management dimension with 3 components of management and command, training and appointment, 2- Structural factors dimension with 2 components of organizational structure and organizational regulations, 3- Planning and planning dimension with 3 targeting components , politics and crime statistics and 4-dimension of development and reform with 2 components of continuing the process and transformation and reform with a total of 22 indicators for the aforementioned 10 components were obtained.

In the prioritization, structural factors, planning and planning, development and improvement, and management have priority in the design of the management model of land degradation. In addition, the findings and results of the current research are in line with the background. They are research.

The aim of this study was to propose a management model for socially preventing women's substance addiction.

The research method employed was qualitative and involved thematic analysis. The statistical population consisted of experts and specialists in police management, drug control managers, and university professors. Sixteen individuals were purposefully selected for the study. Data was collected through semi-structured in-depth interviews, and thematic analysis was used for data analysis.

Following the data coding process, 63 basic themes were identified in the open coding stage, along with 3 organizing themes related to growth-oriented, community-oriented, and environmental prevention components. Additionally, 3 overarching themes were derived. The research findings at the macro level indicated that implementing strategic and comprehensive social prevention programs focusing on addressing economic issues, raising awareness, promoting cultural values, and fostering collaboration between civil institutions and government agencies were effective in preventing women's addiction. Furthermore, at the intermediate level, measures such as targeting vulnerable areas, enhancing social support, and implementing screening and treatment, and at the micro level, providing individual skills training, empowerments, and reinforcing religious beliefs, were identified as hopeful strategies for preventing women's addiction.

The study results emphasized the importance of considering three levels—macro, intermediate, and micro—in formulating an effective model for preventing women's addiction. Recommendations include revising policies and programs, implementing cultural, educational, and economic initiatives, highlighting the role of the family institution, empowering vulnerable women, and prioritizing prevention over treatment to address women's addiction effectively.

In the Islamic Republic, a unique variant of public opinion is observed, distinct from traditional models. While existing outside the realm of power relations, this form of public opinion lacks the connection to civil society commonly found in other contexts. Instead, it is defined by a collection of shared beliefs, attitudes, and viewpoints that are shaped independently of power dynamics, thus forming a unique, isolated public opinion within the Islamic Republic's sociopolitical landscape. The precarious state of civil society in Iran has led to it becoming a negligible factor in social and political equations and relations. Public opinion in Iran, rather than taking shape through the lens of civil society and aligning with government policies and decisions, functions as a force that is manipulated by adversaries and used as a tool to apply pressure against the Islamic Republic’s authority.Currently, the media plays a substantial role in influencing and steering public opinion. Many scholars and researchers in fields such as sociology, communication sciences, psychology, and others have posited that the media has the ability to shape its perceptions and interpretations of events to align with its preconceived biases. Consequently, media outlets often select data and scrutinize social phenomena based on these biases, and the information provided may not always accurately reflect reality but can be tainted with cultural, political, and social values and norms.Research question(s):The present research aimed at understanding the necessity of implementing social policies to manage and control Iranian public opinion. In the first stage, the study focused on identifying factors that contribute to the pessimistic outlook and confused mentality among Iranians. Subsequently, in the second stage, the research sought to analyze the meaningful relationships between causes and effects, with the objective of providing strategies in the domain of social policy. In accordance with these objectives, the research aimed to answer the following questions:What are the platforms that influence Iranian public opinion?What are the characteristics of Iranian public opinion?What strategies and tactics are implemented in the arena of managing and controlling Iranian public opinion?What capacities and constructive ideas can potentially impact Iranian public opinion?Literature Review:Given the profound and far-reaching changes and transformations experienced by human societies, the role of media, virtual space, and social networks in shaping such transformations is significant. Numerous thinkers have substantiated this assertion, as they argue that in the current era, the media serves as the primary force shaping public thoughts and minds. Disregard towards this phenomenon is considered impractical.Castells, for instance, posits that all identities are constructed, but the critical question at hand is how, from what sources, by whom, and for what purposes. Gerbner and his associates in the "cultivation theory" have attempted to address the impact of mass media, particularly television, on shaping public opinions and thoughts. Hall and J. Holley (2005) introduced the theory of "representation," which posits that in the contemporary context, mass media's audio-visual presentations have the most profound impact on shaping public culture, thoughts, and perceptions. According to this theory, mass media serve as instruments for representing the world to their audiences.The media, according to the theoretical framework of framing, does not solely function as a mirror that reflects events and the realities of the social and political world. Instead, they play a more active role in shaping social and political realities. Through their news reporting, the media influence how people perceive and understand the world around them, essentially constructing those realities. McCombs and Reynolds (2009) propose the theory of "highlighting," asserting that in the context of modern times, the media wield significant influence as a powerful factor. According to this theory, media communications and platforms play a pivotal role in the discursive processes of highlighting and marginalization. Moreover, the media are regarded as a foundational power factor in a global system that is constantly undergoing change.

This study is a descriptive-analytical research project conducted in accordance with the qualitative methodological approach, grounded in contextual theorization. It utilizes semi-structured interviews as the primary data collection technique and employs purposeful theoretical sampling to identify participants who can provide insights related to the research questions. Theoretical saturation was achieved after conducting interviews with 16 academics and experts in the fields of social sciences and communication sciences from various universities in Tehran (Tehran, Tarbiat Modares, and Khwarazmi). The interviewees comprised 13 men and 3 women, with ages ranging from 42 to 70 years.

Based on analysis conducted using MAXQDA software, 52 distinct concepts were identified during the initial open coding stage. These were subsequently grouped into 15 core categories during the axial coding phase. These categories can be further organized into three broader forms: platforms that shape the state of Iranian public opinion, characteristics of Iranian public opinion, and strategies and tactics employed in policy-making and public opinion management.The influence of the following platforms on Iranian public opinion is evident: a general sentiment of disappointment, a prevailing negativity, diminishing trust in official media spaces, and a decrease in their overall favorability.Several characteristics are evident in such a thought process: there is an increase in the tendency towards activism and direct action, a heightened influence of public opinion on government decision-making, a growing dissatisfaction and expression of demands shaped by virtual spaces and social media platforms, a stronger focus on political issues and concerns for security among the populace, and an increasing interest in adopting global values and norms, along with a strong influence wielded by unofficial media sources in opposition to civil society and official media channels. There is also a desire to form new social movements, particularly through acts of civil disobedience and other forms of influence. As a means of controlling public opinion, the researcher emphasized looking towards weaker and less developed neighboring countries as a cautionary tale. To manipulate public opinion in line with policy objectives, the researcher proposed strategies and tactics such as cover action, coordinated action (shaping aligned narratives), and media action. These tactics are aimed at influencing public opinion to align with policy goals and public opinion management.

In this study, the primary objectives were twofold: to gain a deeper understanding of the factors that contribute to the pessimistic outlook and confusing mindset of Iranians, and to examine the meaningful relationships between causes and effects by introducing social policy measures. It is worth noting that despite the numerous and persistent crises faced since the establishment of the Islamic Republic system, Iranian society has consistently demonstrated resilience and cooperation with the system. However, challenges and threats have emerged within society, creating wounds and uncertainties.It appears that factors such as a decrease in public trust (regarding structures, authorities, organizations, and institutions), heightened frustration and pessimism about the possibility of large-scale reform, the continued proliferation of negative news, and an escalating growth in demands that are difficult to meet in the short term are exacerbating the situation.Class divisions, continuous revelations against leaders and executive officials, an increase in the propensity for protests and a trend towards violence in these protests, the growth of political polarization, the focus of satellite and social media networks in directing public opinion, the establishment of an identity of resistance through cultural and social focus, a changing lifestyle and a rise in family breakdowns, a focus on celebrities and decreasing significance of former reference groups, and heightened external pressures have contributed to a sense of abandonment in Iran's public opinion, resulting in negative representations. When considering the nature and context of Iranian society in terms of its social, political, economic, and cultural aspects, it may be beneficial to categorize the primary and significant strategies for shaping Iranian public opinion in a positive, constructive, and hopeful direction into the following three broad categories:Several techniques have been utilized to shape public opinion: representation, framing, highlighting, and planting, which are based on the extensive use of virtual spaces and social networks. Moreover, strategies such as forming a think tank, analyzing positive narratives, and employing media actions were identified as potentially effective approaches in the realm of policymaking and public opinion management within the Iranian context. In response to the influence of the information and satellite space, public opinion might be steered in a different direction compared to that preferred by the government. It is worth noting that it is challenging to quickly overcome the enemy's soft and cognitive warfare, as this influence leverages the vast reach of virtual spaces, social networks, and satellite channels. The enemy not only seeks to impose a new lifestyle among Iranians but also employs various tactics and imagery to direct public opinion towards confrontational and oppositional stances against the government.

In the issue of disciplinary prevention of land grabbing crime, there is a need to design a management model to integrate the implementation of the approved and of course different instructions of the relevant organizations.

This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-analytical in nature, and mixed in terms of method. The community under study in the qualitative phase, informed experts with a theoretical saturation sample size of 11 people and a small part of land grabbing criminologists of the prevention police of each province. 32 people have been considered, which considering the total number, the sample size was not significant. In the qualitative section, the research tool was semi-structured interview, which was used for data analysis, thematic analysis and open and selective coding. In the quantitative section, Friedman test and SPSS software were used.

In this research, 4 dimensions include 1- Management dimension with 3 components of management and command, training and appointment, 2- Structural factors dimension with 2 components of organizational structure and organizational regulations, 3- Planning and planning dimension with 3 goal components Setting, policy making and statistics of crimes and 4-dimension of development and reform with 2 components of continuing the process and transformation and reform with a total of 22 indicators for the aforementioned 10 components were obtained.

In the prioritization, structural factors, planning and planning, development and reform and management have priority in the design of the management model for the disciplinary prevention of land grabbing crime.

Command, leadership and management are among the topics that have occupied the minds of many thinkers. But what really shows the truth of command and leadership in the reality of history is the role of commanders and leaders in the security, honor, authority and progress of countries and nations. Therefore, this article seeks to analyze the Supreme Leader's thought using the method of basic theorizing and explain military leadership from His Holiness's point of view. In this study, all the statements, rulings and letters of Imam Khamenei (as) officially published on His Holiness's website since 1988 were examined. 322 concepts, 40 categories and 12 category-based metaphors were extracted and then ranked according to Hierarchical Analysis (AHP) questionnaires in two rounds of expert opinion questionnaire distribution. The results of this study show that according to the three components of metaphor clarity, reading and maximum compliance with the expectations of the leadership and its function in practice, the metaphor of "jihadist" was introduced as the most appropriate metaphor from the perspective of experts.

The criteria for selecting and appointing commanders and managers should be based on a multi-year process in the employees' work environment, It should be counted and based on effective ethical criteria, which will definitely lead to different results than in the past.In this research, an attempt was made to use religious sources and combine it with mathematical decision-making techniques and statistical methods, Identify the most important ethical criteria of managers and the importance and impact of each, to provide the data needed to plan and strengthen the ethical standards of AJA managers and commanders, Provide a suitable model and criterion for their moral evaluation in the position of educating a large group of young people and future creators of this region.This research is applied and its approach is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). Data collection tools are documents (receipts) and questionnaires.In order to identify the most important ethical criteria in command and management, first by studying religious sources (Quran, Hadiths and Nahj al-Balaghah) and the opinions of AJA experts,Identify the initial criteria and then using the AHP technique and using the Expert Choice software, the criteria are ranked according to the importance;Love and kindness, honesty and fulfillment of the covenant, meekness and forgiveness, justice and equality, humility and avoidance of pride, consultation and avoidance of flattery and flattery were determined.

 Currently, resource and staff limitations, facility and special feature constraints, and some multi-dimensional subjects such as security require the organizations' coordination and collaboration. Accordingly, this research seeks to investigate the inter-organizational synergy function in the construction and development of security and discipline in Babolsar coastal city.

 This paper is applicable in terms of purpose. Also, it is analytical and descriptive in terms of characteristics. Moreover, it relies on field surveys and library data collection. In order to collect the information date, all the experts and professionals presented in the organizations responsible for security (Tourism and Cultural Heritage Organization, Islamic Council of the city, Municipality, Faraja, and Ministry of Culture and Islamic Guidance) of Babolsar city are employed. The number of individuals is equivalent to 22 people. Corroborating the accuracy and reliability, the questionnaire is given to members of the statistical population. The resulting data are scrutinized via the multivariable linear regression and entropy analysis.

 In the research procedure, the function of three groups of elements impacting the development of inter-organizational cooperation in the framework of legal requirements, resources and facilities, and the level of management practices are identified and the influence of each is estimated. Correspondingly, the results indicate that resources and facilities have the most elevated priority in the development of inter-organizational cooperation. Then legal requirements and the level of management practices are in the next priority.

 Each of these three aspects: legal requirements, resources and facilities, and the level of management practices are influential characteristics in the development of inter-organizational cooperation to construct and extend discipline and security in seashores