جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « کنترل قامت » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Chronic back pain is one of the most common problems in today's society that has recently increased due to inactivity, so various methods of rehabilitation are being studied. The aim of this study was to Comparison of the Effect of Core Stability exercises at both stable and unstable levels on pain, height control and quality of life in women with chronic low back pain.

Twenty female patients with chronic low back pain were randomly divided into two groups of exercise (n = 10) stable and unstable (trampoline). Pain (by visual pain scale), static balance (by stork test), dynamic balance (by Y test) and quality of life (by SF36 questionnaire) were measured before and after the 8 week intervention. Subsequently, patients in both groups received their own training, three sessions every week for 8 weeks. Data were analyzed by repeated measure ANOVA in SPSS software.

The results showed that the intergroup interaction in the variables of pain, quality of life, static and dynamic balance was significant with the superiority of the unstable level group (P <0.05).

The results of the study indicate that exercises for both stable and unstable surface effectively improve pain, increase balance and improve the quality of life of the subjects. The results, however, show that the variables in the unstable training group (trampoline) have significantly improved compared to the other group, so this method can be used as a complementary treatment modality for patients with non-specific chronic low back pain. .

Aging is associated with reduced physiological and functional capacity that can lead to increased disability, loss of balance and falling. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of neuromuscular training on balance, strength and functional performance in elderly men with a history of falls.

this study was quasi-experimental and participants were healthy elderly men with history of falling (age: 65/64±6/95). The experiments were 21 men (10 training group, 11 control group) who met the criteria for research and were available for sampling. The training program was conducted for eight weeks with a frequency of three sessions per week. Static balance, upper and lower body muscle strength, neuromuscular function and aerobic endurance were measured before and after the research design. Data analysis was done using independent t-test and paired t-test (at a significance level of 0/005> P).

The results showed that neuromuscular training significantly improved static balance (p = 0.001), upper body muscle strength (p = 0.001), lower body muscle strength (p = 0.001), Neuromuscular function (p = 0.001) and aerobic endurance (p = 0.001) in the training group compared to the control group.

Due to the fact that the risk of falls is very common in the elderly, so it is recommended to use neuromuscular training programs with psychological interventions taking into account training features such as; Individual differences are used to improve balance, muscle strength, neuromuscular function and aerobic endurance.

Meningomyelocele after cerebral palsy is the most common congenital defects of the nervous system that impairs the functioning of many body’s structures. This study aimed to assess the effect of six weeks selected physical training on balance, postural control and lower limb function in children with Meningomyelocele. In this quasi-experimental study, 10 boys aged 10-11 years with Meningomyelocele in L4-L5 levels that independently able to stand and take at least 5 steps were selected and after obtaining written consent from the parents, placed in an experimental group. Before and after 6 weeks (four 60-minute sessions per week) participation in a researcher-designed exercise protocol, Static and dynamic balance (Balance Scale PBS), postural sway (foot pressure device), neck craniovertebral angle and knee and hip range of motion (goniometer), thoracic arch angle (flexible ruler) and trunk and knee extensors strength (dynamometer) were measured. Data by t-test in SPSS 22 software was analyzed (p≤0/05). The results were showed significant difference between pre-test and post-test in all variables except the total index of postural control and trunk extensors strength (P≥0/05). Due to the effectiveness of the used exercise protocol, this protocol can be used to improve the postural control, balance and lower extremity function in rehabilitation of patients with Meningomyelocele and similar to those.

One of psychological interventions that can be effective on improving performance and learning behaviors is at the focus of attention. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine efficacy of instructions on the focus of attention of suprapostural task on learning of postural control in boys with 9 to 12 years old. In this study, 45 boy students of one of the Malayer city schools were participated, and divided into three groups (15 people), including: external attention, internal attention and control group randomly. The participants were asked to keep their postural control by using instructions on suprapostural task. Instructions included attention on the bar horizontally held in their hands (external attention), their own hands (internal attention), and no instruction (control). The result showed that learning process in both internal focus group (P=0.022), and external focus group (P=0.04), is significant compared to the control group. However, no significant differences were found in learning between external focus group and internal focus group (P=0.794).  The findings support of applying the attention instructions as an effective strategy to improve learning. Also the fact that children can take advantage from the attention instructions, has important applications for physical education.

The vision is preferred system of sensory information that it is plays important role in postural control and movement. The purpose of current study was to examine the effect of Prismatic adaptation on the postural control and dart throwing precision. For this purpose, 17 healthy male and female participants with age range 20- 41 years old were divided into experimental and control groups, based on the throwing precision. The groups threw 480 darts in eight consecutive days. The experimental group used prismatic eyeglasses that divert the sight to the left. Before and after the training period, the static balance in open and closed eyes states was recorded via force platform and the throwing precision was measured as well. Data was analyzed using mix analysis of variance and analysis of covariance. The results showed that speed and displacement of anterior-posterior sway (P=0.002) and the overall speed and displacement center of pressure reduced in the experimental group (P=0.006). There was no significant difference between closed and open eye (P>0.05). Also, there was no significant difference in group by vision factors interaction (P>0.05). The precision index showed no difference in the post-test but in the retention test, the precision variable was significantly better in the experimental group (P=0.02). The results indicate that challenge caused by visual adaptation can improve the throw precision and individual’s postural control.

Postural control is one of the important abilities in daily life and sport activities of human beings and the importance of focus of attention is always discussed in this issue. In this regard, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of the instructions of focus of attention of supra-postural task on performance and learning of postural control in girls aged between 9 and 12. 45 female students in an elementary school in Malayer city participated in this study and were randomly divided into 3 groups: external attention, internal attention and control by drawing of lots. The participants were asked to maintain their postural control by instructions on supra-postural task. Instructions included focus of attention on the bar they held horizontally (external focus), on their hands (internal focus) and no instructions (control). The results of analysis of variance with repeated measures showed that learning process in external focus group was significant compared with the internal focus (P=0.049) and control (P=0.005) groups. However, no significant differences were found in learning between internal focus and control groups (P=0.345). It can be concluded that external attention instruction on supra-postural task led to better postural control than internal attention instruction.

Eccentric muscle action has more mechanically efficiency, predisposes the muscle to damage due to unique activation strategy. Postural control also is necessarily required for many daily and sport activities. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of high velocity acute eccentric exercise-induced muscle damage of dominant knee extensors on muscle damage indices and postural control in trained young females.
Ten young trained females (21. 9±1. 66 years) voluntarily participated in this study. To analyse muscle damage, subjects performed 300 (20 sets, 15 repetitions) high velocity (240°. s-1) eccentric contractions of dominant knee extensors with a load equal to 150٪ of the maximal voluntary isometric torque (MVC). Muscle damage indices (MVC, perceived pain, thigh circumference) and center of pressure distance and velocity in the antero/posterior (AP) and the medio/lateral (ML) planes of movement were recorded before, 1 and 48 h after eccentric exercise. Statistical analysis was performed with SPSS (version 16. 0), and the repeated-measures ANOVA test also were used.
All muscle damage indicators changed significantly (p0. 05).
In conclusion, the results of the present study showed that high velocity eccentric exercise that designed to elicit localized muscle damage of dominant knee extensors did not influence postural control during one-legged stance in trained young female.

Postural control requires the integration of sensory information in the visual, vestibular, and senses the body systems. Also research has shown that the sensory systems involved in postural control, decreased with increasing age. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of age and manipulation of sensory information on the postural control. For this purpose, displacement of the anterior - posterior, middle – lateral and speed center of pressure (COP) 22 elderly (59/54 ± 2/31 year) and 25 young men (23/12±3/26 year) that selected based on target and availability from Shahid Chamran University students and staff in four different sensory conditions including 1) open eyes an hard surface 2) eyes open on soft surface3) eyes closed on hard surface 4) eyes closed on soft surface during three 30-second efforts with 5 min rest intervals between efforts evaluated. After investigating the data normality with kolmogorov smirnov and equality of variance using the leven test, data using multivariable variance analysis and one-way variance analysis was analyzed. Significant differences was observed between young and elderly groups in all conditions, also removes the visual and plantar proprioceptive information lead to increased sway in the two groups that increase was greater in the elderly than in young group. This results indicate the importance of visual information and plantar proprioceptive in postural control, especially in the elderly.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of attentional focus and somato-sensory manipulation on older people postural control. For this purpose 34 older man (mean of age = 70. 7) were selected and divided in external and internal group randomly. The task consists of performing balance task on Biodex system in three condition of normal، on foam and on inflatable cushions. Subjects in external group instructed to focus on a picture located 6 meters from them. Subjects in internal group instructed to focus on their ankle muscles. For measuring subjects` balance we used the Biodex Postural Stability System. Overall، medio-lateral and anterior-posterior indexes were recorded for each subject. Results showed that the internal attention focus had no significant effect on all postural indexes in three conditions (p>. 05). External focus of attention had significant effect in conditions of standing on foam and standing on inflatable cushions (p<. 01). Also external focus of attention was more effective in challenging condition (p<. 01). In total، this study showed that external focus of attention can reduce postural sway and improve balance. These results are in line with Constrained Action Hypothesis. This hypothesis suggested that external focus of attention causes more automatic movements and fast unconscious and reflective processes were allowed to control movement and improve performance and learning.

Individuals focus of attention can have significant effect on performance and learning of motor skills. Given discipline to the informative sources environment and action preparation cause to increasing the motor output which determine the coordination of movement, response precision and movement execution. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects instructions of internal and external focus of attention suprapostural task on performance and learning of postural control. In this study were participated voluntarily, 33 male students with age 21.121.43 from Ferdowsi university of Mashhad. They divided randomly into three groups (n=11) external, internal and control group.The participants were asked to maintain their postural control on Biodex Balance System by attention on supra-postural task. Instructions included focus of attention on the bar (external focus), hands (internal focus) and no instructions (control). Data analysis was done with one-way ANOVA and tukey post hoc test. The results showed that mean difference between scores of overall stability was significant in three groups to the acquisition phase (p=0.002), whereas the mean difference between three groups was not significant in the retention phase (p=0.054). Also, tukey test showed the predominance of external focus group in execution the suprapostural task. We concluded that external attention instructions on suprapostural task leads to better postural control than internal attention instructions.