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delphi technique

در نشریات گروه اقتصاد کشاورزی
تکرار جستجوی کلیدواژه delphi technique در نشریات گروه کشاورزی
تکرار جستجوی کلیدواژه delphi technique در مقالات مجلات علمی
  • سید احمد محدث حسینی*، سید محمد فهمیمی فرد، احمد صادقی

    از آنجا که سرمایه یکی از محدودکننده ترین نهاده های رشد و توسعه بخش کشاورزی ایران است، در مطالعه حاضر، به ارزیابی اثربخشی تسهیلات اعطایی به طرح های بهبود و افزایش تولیدات دام و طیور در خراسان رضوی پرداخته شد. به منظور شناسایی معیارهای ارزیابی اثربخشی تسهیلات اعطایی، از روش دلفی و برای بررسی میزان تاثیر عوامل موثر بر اثربخشی تسهیلات اعطایی به طرح های یادشده، از مدل یابی معادلات ساختاری استفاده شد. نتایج نشان داد که میانگین معیارهای اثربخشی تسهیلات اعطایی به طرح های بهبود و افزایش تولیدات دام و طیور تقریبا از سطح متوسط برخوردار بوده و به ترتیب، معادل 9/48 و 3/47 درصد است. در میان معیارهای اثربخشی تسهیلات اعطایی به طرح بهبود و افزایش تولیدات دامی، به ترتیب، «بهبود کیفیت شیر»، «افزایش ضریب تبدیل و ارزش افزوده تولید شیر» و «افزایش ضریب تبدیل و ارزش افزوده تولید گوشت قرمز» و در میان معیارهای اثربخشی تسهیلات اعطایی به طرح بهبود و افزایش تولیدات طیور، به ترتیب، «بهبود کیفیت تخم مرغ»، «افزایش ضریب تبدیل و ارزش افزوده تولید تخم مرغ» و «افزایش ضریب تبدیل و ارزش افزوده تولید گوشت مرغ» کمترین اثربخشی را داشته و همچنین، تسهیلات اعطایی به بهره برداران طرح های یادشده طی دوره مورد بررسی در خراسان رضوی به دلایل مختلف همچون شرایط نامناسب اقتصادی حاکم بر دوره مورد بررسی، تغییر در قوانین و مقررات، سرمازدگی، خشکسالی و در نهایت، عدم مساعدت نظام بانکی، از اثربخشی مناسب برخوردار نبوده است. از این رو، ایجاد تناسب بین بازدهی و نرخ سود بازپرداخت، مساعدت بانک ها با بهره برداران خسارت دیده و به ویژه توسعه بیمه محصولات کشاورزی از جمله پیشنهادهای پژوهش حاضر به مسیولان این بخش بود.

    کلید واژگان: تسهیلات اعطایی، بخش کشاورزی، روش دلفی، معادلات ساختاری، اثربخشی
    S.A. Mohaddes-Hosseini *, S. M. Fahimfard, A. Sadeghi

    Given the fact that one of the main limitations of growth and development of Iran's agriculture sector is 'capital', this study aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of the facilities granted to projects to improve and increase the livestock and poultry production in Razavi Khorasan province of Iran. For this purpose, the concerned criteria were identified by Delphi technique and using the structural equation technique, the impact of effective factors on the effectiveness of the facilities granted to the projects was measured. The combined index of the effectiveness of the facilities granted to the plans for improving and increasing livestock and poultry productions were almost moderate, estimating 48.9 and 47.3 percent, respectively. Among the effectiveness indicators of the facilities granted to the plan to improve and increase livestock production, the indicators of 'improving milk quality', 'increasing conversion ratio and added value of milk production' and 'increasing conversion ratio and added value of red meat production' and among the effectiveness indicators of the facilities granted to the plan to improve and increase poultry production, the indicators of 'improving egg quality', 'increasing conversion ratio and value added of egg production' and 'increasing conversion ratio and value added of chicken meat production' had the least effectiveness. In general, the facilities granted to the beneficiaries of the above plan during the studied period in Razavi Khorasan province were not effective due to various factors such as unfavorable economic conditions in the period under review, changes in laws and regulations, frost, drought and finally, the lack of support and assistance of the banking system. Therefore, it was suggested to the authoriries of the agriculture sector to create a balance between the return and the interest rate of repayment, the assistance of the banks with the loss-bearing beneficiaries and especially, the development of agricultural insurance.

    Keywords: Granted Facilities, Agriculture Sector, Delphi Technique, Structural equations, Effectiveness
  • Mohsen Jabolghah, Sanjar Salajegheh *, Saeed Sayadi, Ayob Sheykhi

    The present study aims to identify the components of organizational-commercial health and their status in Fars University of Medical Sciences. This study is applied and developmental in terms of purpose, descriptive in terms of nature, and a field study in terms of the data collection method. The statistical population of the present study includes two groups: 1) Experts in the field of organizational health among whom 15 people were selected, and 2) All employees of Fars University of Medical Sciences (1780 people) among whom 315 were selected according to Cochran’s formula by proportional stratified random sampling method. The organizational health questionnaire based on the study literature consists of 10 main components and 29 sub-indicators, that using the Delphi technique, the number of main items was changed to 8 and sub-indicators to 26 items. The content validity of the organizational health questionnaire was estimated to be 0.91,5 and the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was higher than 0.7. The mean and one-sample t-test, using SPSS software, were used in order to analyze the data. According to the results, the components of organizational health based on the criteria proposed by experts include responsiveness to the environment, cohesion, effectiveness, leadership, professional ethics, performance appraisal, communication style, and organizational atmosphere. The mean of all components was between 4 and 5 (between “appropriate” and “perfectly appropriate”). So, according to the experts, there is a fit between all dimensions of organizational health based on the proposed criteria. Also, considering that the P-value of the test (0.000) was lower than the significance level of 0.05, so given the obtained mean higher than the base mean (3) for the variables, it can be said that the organizational-commercial health variable status is favorable.

    Keywords: Employees, Organizational Health, Delphi Technique, Fars University of Medical Sciences
  • عطیه صندوقی*، حسین یادآور، حسین راحلی
    هدف پژوهش حاضر، طراحی الگوی فرآیندی توسعه بازار محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک در ایران با رویکرد الگوسازی ساختاری تفسیری است. جامعه آماری پژوهش شامل خبرگان و صاحب نظران بخش ارگانیک کشور بودند که با 19 نفر از آنها مصاحبه عمیق نیمه ساختار یافته انجام شد. برای شناسایی و سطح بندی مراحل توسعه از شیوه آمیخته اکتشافی استفاده شد. با استفاده از روش کیفی دلفی، عوامل موثر در فرآیند توسعه بازار محصولات ارگانیک که از تحلیل محتوای مصاحبه ها شناسایی شده بودند، مورد بررسی و اعتبارسنجی قرار گرفتند. سپس برای تعیین سطح مراحل شناسایی شده، روابط درونی بین آنها و طراحی الگوی فرآیندی، از روش کمی ساختاری تفسیری استفاده گردید. بر اساس نتایج بدست آمده، الگوی فرآیندی توسعه بازار محصولات کشاورزی ارگانیک از تحلیل وضعیت موجود، تعیین اهداف و چشم انداز شروع و به مرحله افزایش مصرف و ظرفیت سازی در بازار ختم می شود. این الگو می تواند به عنوان یک راهنما مورد استفاده سیاست گذاران و تمامی فعالین حوزه ارگانیک در بخش های مختلف تحقیقات، برنامه ریزی و اجرا قرار گیرد.
    کلید واژگان: آمیخته اکتشافی، الگوسازی ساختاری تفسیری (ISM)، تکنیک دلفی، توسعه بازار، محصول ارگانیک
    Atiyeh Sandoughi *, Hossein Yadavar, Hossein Raheli
    The aim of the present study is to design a process model developing the market for agricultural organic products in Iran. The statistical population of the study consisted of experts in the organic sector of the country.19 participants were interviewed by a semi-structured interview. For identification and classification of the development stages, the Sequential Exploratory strategy was applied. The factors influencing the development of the market for organic products, identified by the content analysis of the interviews were examined and validated using the Delphi qualitative method. Afterward, to determine the level of identifying steps, the internal relations between them and designing the process model, an interpretive structural modeling (ISM) was applied. Obtained results indicate that the process model for developing the market for organic products with the analysis of the status quo starts with determining the goals and the prospect and end with increasing the consumption and market’s capacity building. The present model can be applied as a guide by policymakers and all organic stakeholders in various research sectors, as well as, planning and applying.
    Keywords: Delphi Technique, ISM (Interpretive Structural Modeling), Market Development, Organic Product, Sequential Exploratory
  • Mahsa Shah Moradi, Sanjar Salajegheh *, Aflatoon Amiri, Masoud Pourkiani, Ayob Sheykhi
    Accurate implementation of human resource management and the development of the organizational knowledge of individuals and its management can be useful for organizational problems in the country. Therefore, the purpose of the present article is to identify the indicators and components of human resource management based on knowledge management and ranking them in the executive organs of the city of Sari. This research was developmental in terms of purpose and based on integrated method (qualitative and quantitative), and was descriptive in terms of nature. The statistical population includes 1) 15 experts familiar with the field of human resource management, 2) 400 employees working in the executive organs of Sari. Based on the research literature, 18 indicators in human resource management topic and 8 indicators regarding knowledge management were identified and based on the Delphi technique they were provided to the experts in the field under study for evaluation. Data analysis was performed using Friedman's test, applying SPSS software. Based on the results, human resource management components were identified in 6 general categories (recruitment and selection of employees, the appointment of employees, development, and maintenance of employees, training, and improvement of employees, performance evaluation of employees, service compensation of employees) and 18 sub-components and components of knowledge management in 4 general categories (knowledge creation, knowledge sharing, knowledge application, knowledge storing) and 8 sub-components. "Appointment of employees" was also located in the first rank. Based on the results, it can be said that managers should be very careful in selecting and employing, appointing and job promotion, developing and maintaining, training and improving, developing performance and service compensation of employees because it is by paying attention to these affairs that they can minimally develop their organization, and overcome competitors in the current critical conditions.
    Keywords: Appointment of employees, Delphi Technique, Human Resources, Knowledge management, Organization
  • سمیه لطیفی، احمد یعقوبی فرانی
    با توجه به قابلیت های تعاونی های طیور در تولید محصولات دامی به ویژه گوشت سفید و تخم مرغ و سیاست های دولت در زمینه توسعه بخش تعاون ضرورت دارد راهکارهای توانمندسازی این تعاونی ها شناسایی شوند تا با برنامه ریزی جهت اجرایی شدن این راهکارها موجبات رشد و شکوفایی آنها فراهم شود. پژوهش حاضر با هدف شناسایی راهکارهای توانمندسازی تعاونی های طیور با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی و رتبه بندی آنها با بهره گیری از تکنیک های تصمیم گیری چند شاخصه TOPSIS و SAW در سال 1394 انجام شده است. جامعه آماری تحقیق را کارشناسان اداره تعاون، کار و رفاه اجتماعی، کارشناسان امور دام سازمان جهاد کشاورزی و مدیران عامل اتحادیه های تعاونی های طیور استان همدان تشکیل می-دهند که از بین آنها به روش نمونه گیری هدفمند 20 نفر انتخاب شدند. براساس نتایج بدست آمده 22 راهکار جهت توانمندسازی تعاونی های طیور توسط کارشناسان طی سه مرحله انجام تکنیک دلفی شناسایی شد که در دو گروه راهکارهای درون سازمانی و برون سازمانی دسته بندی شدند. نتایج رتبه بندی راهکارها با استفاده از تکنیک های تصمیم گیری چند شاخصه نشان داد که در بین راهکارهای درون سازمانی به کارگیری افراد تحصیل کرده و متخصص در ارکان تعاونی ها، برنامه ریزی جهت متناسب نمودن تولید تعاونی های طیور با نیازهای بازار و مرتبط بودن رشته تحصیلی مدیر عامل با موضوع فعالیت تعاونی و در بین راهکارهای برون سازمانی برنامه ریزی جهت جلوگیری از نوسان قیمت نهادهای تولید، حذف بروکراسی و همکاری دستگاه های دولتی در ارایه خدمات به تعاونی ها، تقویت اتحادیه های تعاونی های طیور و دادن اختیارات لازم به آنها و واگذاری واردات نهاده ها به اتحادیه های مرغداران و مساعدت مالی دولت به آنها در اولویت های اول تا سوم قرار گرفتند. راهکارهای شناسایی شده در دو گروه درون سازمانی و برون سازمانی را می توان پیشنهادهای این نوشتار قلمداد نمود که می باید با برنامه ریزی اصولی زمینه اجرایی شدن آنها فراهم شود.
    کلید واژگان: استان همدان، تعاونی های طیور، تکنیک دلفی، تکنیک TOPSIS، تکنیک SAW، توانمندسازی
    Somaye Latifi, Ahmad Yaghoubi
    Introduction
    Today the consumption of animal protein has been allocated a special place in human nutrition. Poultry cooperatives have an important role in protein production. Given the significance of producing animal products and the capabilities that the poultry cooperatives possess in this regard as well as considering the macroeconomic policies of governments respecting developing the cooperative sector, it is necessary to identify the strategies that empower cooperatives. So the objective of this study was to identify strategies for empowering the poultry cooperatives by using the Delphi technique and ranking them by using the TOPSIS and SAW techniques in Hamedan province.
    Materials And Methods
    The present study is application oriented and in terms of methodology, it is deemed a descriptive survey. The statistical population consists of experts of cooperative, Labor and Social Welfare offices, experts of Animal Affairs in Agriculture of Jihad organization and managing directors of the poultry cooperatives in Hamedan province that through a purposive sampling sample size of 20 was selected to respond to the main question of research. To ranking the identified strategies, MCDM techniques of TOPSIS and SAW were applied.
    Results And Discussion
    In the first step of the Delphi technique, some open-ended questionnaires were distributed among experts to identify the strategies for empowering the poultry cooperatives. In this step, 22 strategies were identified. In the second stage, there was a strong consensus among experts on 15 of the 22 identified strategies. In the third step, after determining the percentage of agreement among experts regarding each of the identified strategies, they were divided into two groups of internal and external organizational strategies. According to the results of ranking the internal organizational strategies for empowering the poultry cooperatives by using TOPSIS technique, planning to production commensurate with market demand (CL =0.655), employing experienced and educated persons in cooperatives (CL =0.566) and creating credit cooperatives for the poultry industry with the participation of poultry cooperatives (CL =0.564) held the first, second and third ranks in terms of significance. The results attained from ranking the internal organizational strategies by SAW technique showed that the strategy of employing experienced and educated persons in cooperatives (A*=1.60) and the attending of cooperatives in the livestock products exhibitions (A*=1.144) held the first and last ranks. The relevance of the degree of the executive director to the subject of cooperative activities (A*=1.57) and planning, to production commensurate with market demand (A*=1.56), held the second and third ranks. Based on the results of ranking the external organizational factors for empowering the poultry cooperatives by using TOPSIS technique, planning to avoid from input prices fluctuations (CL=0.681), elimination of bureaucracy and cooperate governmental agencies in providing services to cooperatives (CL=0.649) and paying subsidies to production of inputs such as medicines and vaccines by the government (CL=0.646) held the first, second and third ranks. The results attained from ranking the external organizational strategies by using SAW technique showed that the strategy of planning to avoid from input prices fluctuations entities with the highest score (A*=1.60), monitoring on cooperatives performance and activities by the cooperatives, Labor, and Social Welfare offices (A*=1.26) held the first and last ranks. Additionally, such strategies as strengthening of the union of poultry cooperatives and transmit part of special authorities to them (A*=1.59) and import of inputs by the union of poultry cooperatives and government financial support of them (A*=1.58) held the second and third ranks.
    Conclusion
    According to results of ranking the identified strategies by using TOPSIS and SAW techniques, in internal organizational strategies “Employing experienced and educated persons in cooperatives”, “Planning to production commensurate with market demand” and “The relevance of the degree of the executive director to the subject of cooperative activities” was placed at the first to the third rank. In external organizational strategies “Planning to avoid from input prices fluctuations”, “Elimination of bureaucracy and cooperate governmental agencies in providing services to cooperatives”, “Strengthening of union of poultry cooperatives and transmit part of special authorities to them” and “Import of inputs by the union of poultry cooperatives and government financial support of them” were placed at the first to third rank.
    Keywords: Empowering, Delphi technique, Hamedan province, Poultry cooperatives, SAW technique, TOPSIS technique
  • سید محمد فهیمی فرد، ماشاءالله سالارپور، محمود احمدپور، حمید محمدی، مجید ثنایی
    کمبود سرمایه و عدم توزیع بهینه بودجه یکی از تنگناهای حصول توسعه یافتگی در کشورهای در حال توسعه بوده و از این منظر بخش کشاورزی در مقایسه با دیگر بخش های اقتصادی از بیشترین محدودیت برخوردار بوده است. در این مطالعه به مدل سازی توزیع بهینه بودجه بخش کشاورزی در استان خراسان رضوی پرداخته شد. برای این منظور داده های تحقیق طی دوره 94-1385 از طریق آمار سازمان جهاد کشاورزی خراسان رضوی و پرسشنامه های توزیع شده بین خبرگان گردآوری شد. جهت مدل سازی ابتدا توزیع بهینه بودجه بخش (فصل) کشاورزی بین برنامه های این فصل با تلفیق سه شاخص: تحلیل نظر خبرگان با استفاده از فرآیند تحلیل سلسله مراتبی (AHP)6 ، میانگین سهم هر برنامه از بودجه بخش در سال های برنامه چهارم توسعه و میانگین سهم هر برنامه از بودجه بخش در سال های برنامه پنجم توسعه استان، تعیین شد. سپس با استفاده از تکنیک دلفی7 شاخص های استعداد هر برنامه تعیین گردید. پس از آن شاخص های تعیین شده با استفاده از فرآیند AHP وزن دهی شده و در نهایت با بکارگیری تکنیک تاکسونومی عددی8، توزیع بهینه بودجه برنامه ها بین شهرستان ها مدل سازی شد. با توجه به این که مطالعه حاضر برای نخستین بار مدلی علمی و جامع برای نحوه توزیع بهینه بودجه بخش کشاورزی در ایران فراهم آورده است، به سازمان های جهادکشاورزی کشور پیشنهاد می شود از نتایج آن استفاده نمایند.
    کلید واژگان: بودجه کشاورزی، تکنیک تاکسونومی عددی، تکنیک دلفی، فرآیند AHP، مدل سازی
    Seyed Mohammad Fahimifard, M. Salarpour, M. Ahmadpour, H. Mohammadi, M. Sanaei
    Introduction
    Stock shortage is one of the development impasses in developing countries and trough it the agriculture sector has faced with the most limitation. The share of Iran’s agricultural sector from total investments after the Islamic revolution (1979) has been just 5.5 percent. This fact causes low efficiency in Iran’s agriculture sector. For instance per each 1 cubic meter of water in Iran’s agriculture sector, less that 1 kilogram dry food produced and each Iranian farmer achieves less annual income and has less mechanization in comparison with similar countries in Iran’s 1404 perspective document. Therefore, it is clear that increasing investment in agriculture sector, optimize the budget allocation for this sector is mandatory however has not been adequately and scientifically revised until now. Thus, in this research optimum budget allocation of Iran- Khorasan Razavi province agriculture sector was modeled.
    Materials And Methods
    In order to model the optimum budget allocation of Khorasan Razavi province’s agriculture sector at first optimum budget allocation between agriculture programs was modeled with compounding three indexes: 1. Analyzing the priorities of Khorasan Razavi province’s agriculture sector experts with the application of Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), 2. The average share of agriculture sector programs from 4th country’s development program for Khorasan Razavi province’s agriculture sector, and 3.The average share of agriculture sector programs from 5th country’s development program for Khorasan Razavi province’s agriculture sector. Then, using Delphi technique potential indexes of each program was determined. After that, determined potential indexes were weighted using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) and finally, using numerical taxonomy model to optimize allocation of the program’s budget between cities based on two scenarios. Required data, also was gathered from the budget and planning office of Khorasan Razavi’s Jahad Keshavarzi organization during 2006-2015. They were collected through distributed binary comparison questionnaires related to AHP model between Khorasan Razavi’s agricultural experts in 2015 and distributed questionnaires related to Delphi technique between Khorasan Razavi’s agricultural experts in 2015. Indeed, Super decision and Taxonomy software were applied to analyze the gathered data.
    Results And Discussion
    Results of budget allocation of Khorasan Razavi province’s agriculture sector using three mentioned indexes showed that between 8 programs, P1 and P6 have the most and least share, respectively. The results of the Delphi technique for determining potential indexes of between cities budget allocation of agriculture sector programs indicated that totally there are 62 indexes. Findings of between cities budget allocation of agriculture sector programs showed that for budget allocation of P1 based on 1 and 2 scenarios, Kalat and Davarzan cities have the most and least share, respectively and vice versa. For budget allocation of P2 based on 1 and 2 scenarios, Bardaskan and Kalat cities have the most and least share, respectively and vice versa. For budget allocation of P3 based on 1 and 2 scenarios, Mashhad and Joghatai cities have the most and least share, respectively and vice versa. For budget allocation of P4 based on 1 and 2 scenarios, Jovein and Torghabe Shandiz cities have the most and least share, respectively and vice versa. For budget allocation of P5 based on 1 and 2 scenarios, Chenaran and Neishabour cities have the most and least share, respectively and vice versa. For budget allocation of P6 based on 1 and 2 scenarios, Mashhad and Khoushab cities have the most and least share, respectively and vice versa. For budget allocation of P7 based on 1 and 2 scenarios, Neishabour and Saleh Abad cities have the most and least share, respectively and vice versa. Finally, for budget allocation of P8 based on 1 and 2 scenarios, Neishabour and Khoushab cities have the most and least share, respectively and vice versa.
    Conclusion
    The study concludes that the agriculture sector budget of Khorasan Razavi Province’s has not been allocated optimally. Therefore, paying attention to this fact that agriculture sector budget allocation which carried out previously between various programs, have been provided different instructions for opposite ideas always caused to challenge between beneficiary groups. This study provided a scientific and comprehensive model for budget allocation of agriculture sector between programs and cities using agriculture experts, and can be suggested to governors and Jahad Keshavarzi organizations to apply the results.
    Keywords: Agriculture sector, Optimum budget, Numerical taxonomy technique, Delphi technique, Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP), Modeling
  • سعید فعلی، غلام رضا پزشکی راد، حسن صدیقی، اسماعیل شهبازی، سید جواد قریشی ابهری
    هدف کلی این تحقیق، شناسایی عوامل بیرونی موثر بر نظام ترویج کشاورزی ایران تا افق سال 1404 شمسی با استفاده از آرای صاحب نظران این حوزه است. طراحی این پژوهش کیفی با استفاده از تکنیک دلفای (Delphi Technique) برای دستیابی به توافق گروهی صورت گرفت. جامعه آماری این تحقیق تمام سیاستگذاران نظام ترویج کشاورزی کشور هستند که با استفاده از روش نمونه گیری هدفمند، بیست نفر از آن ها برای پاسخگویی به پرسش اصلی تحقیق انتخاب شدند. روایی پرسشنامه ها نیز توسط پانلی از متخصصان بررسی و تایید شد. نتایج تحقیق نشان داد پاسخگویان احتمال وقوع شانزده عامل بیرونی موثر بر نظام ترویج کشاورزی ایران را تا افق سال 1404 شمسی در سطح «متوسط تا زیاد» بیان کردند که اجماع و توافق گروهی در احتمال وقوع پانزده عامل بین پاسخگویان به دست آمد. این عوامل به ترتیب، در هفت دسته زیرساختی، بوم شناسی، اقتصادی، فرهنگی، نهادی، انقلاب های علمی و فناوری و جمعیتی طبقه بندی شدند.
    کلید واژگان: ایران، تکنیک دلفای، عوامل موثر، نظام ترویج کشاورزی
    Saeid Feali, Gholamreza Pezeshki Rad, Hasan Sedighi, Esmaeil Shahbazi, Seyed Javad Ghoreish Abhari
    The purpose of this study was to identify external factors affecting the Iranian Agricultural Extension System (IAES) by 2025 using agricultural extension authorities’ viewpoints. Results of this qualitative study were obtained by using a modified Delphi technique to reach group consensus. The target population was 20 policy makers that selected by judgment sampling. It is noted that the validity of questionnaire was confirmed by panel of experts. Results of study indicated the probability of occurring sixteen external factors affecting IAES by 2025 was at “moderate to high” level that consensus was reached on fourteen external factors affecting IAES. These factors, respectively, in seven categories of "infrastructure, ecology, economic, cultural, institutional, scientific and technological revolution and the population" were reduced.
    Keywords: agricultural extension system, Delphi Technique, effective factors, Iran
نکته
  • نتایج بر اساس تاریخ انتشار مرتب شده‌اند.
  • کلیدواژه مورد نظر شما تنها در فیلد کلیدواژگان مقالات جستجو شده‌است. به منظور حذف نتایج غیر مرتبط، جستجو تنها در مقالات مجلاتی انجام شده که با مجله ماخذ هم موضوع هستند.
  • در صورتی که می‌خواهید جستجو را در همه موضوعات و با شرایط دیگر تکرار کنید به صفحه جستجوی پیشرفته مجلات مراجعه کنید.
درخواست پشتیبانی - گزارش اشکال