جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « نعناع » در نشریات گروه « علوم دام »

Introduction:

 The present study was conducted to investigate the efficacy of inclusion peppermint, thyme, cinnamon essential oils and also probiotic supplement (Protexin, Probiotics International Ltd., south Petherton, UK) when added to whole milk on performance, some blood parameters, skeletal growth, and nutrient digestibility of Holstein dairy calves.

Material and Methods :

A total of 25 Holstein dairy calves (10 females and 15 males; 1–10 days) with 42 ± 8 kg of average birth weight were used in a completely randomized design in which calves were randomly assigned to one of five different dietary treatments including 1) control diet without inclusion of any milk essential oil supplementation, 2, 3 and 4) control diet + 40 ml (20 ml in the morning and 20 ml in evening meals) per day of peppermint, thyme, cinnamon essential oils, respectively and 5) control diet + 0.5 g per day probiotic Protexin. Calves were individually housed and bedded with straw that was replaced every day. Feed and water were available ad libitum throughout the experiment. Calves were fed colostrum for 3 days and then fed with 10% of their birth weight until 80 days of age. The rations were iso-energetic. Ruminal fluid samples were collected by esophagus tube after morning feeding at the end of study. Starter intake was recorded individually and daily. The amount of feed consumed daily was calculated throughout the experiment from the difference between the feed poured and the remaining feed. Edible samples from calves were kept in the freezer (-20 °C) for approximate analysis experiments. Performance was analyzed in repeated measures of the mixed model (PROC MIXED) including initial BW as a covariate (covariate structure: compound symmetry) with treatment, week and their interaction as fixed components and animal as random effect. Structural growth data were evaluated by GLM. Gender was considered a block but was not significant and drop from the model. A mixed-effects regression analysis, which included calf and period as random effects and treatment and time relative to weaning (before or after) as fixed effects, was then performed. Analytical model was Yij = µ + Ti + Aij + β (BWij - x) + eij, where Yij was each observation, μ was the overall mean, Ti was the fixed effect of treatment i, Aij was the random effect of calve j in treatment i, β (BWij - x) was using initial BW as a covariate and eij was residual error. Treatments means were statistically compared by the test of Duncan.

Results and Discussion:

 The results showed that starter intake was not affected by the experimental treatments (p> 0.05). However, calves consuming cinnamon essential oil and probiotic Protexin had higher daily weight gain than other essential oils and control group (p <0.05). Calves fed milk without any additives had the lowest feed efficiency but it was highest for calves fed whole milk based on cinnamon essential oil or Protexin (p<0.05). Rumen parameters and ammonia nitrogen concentration were not affected by essential oils and probiotic intake (p> 0.05). Ruminal pH value was lower in calves were fed milk supplemented with different essential oils and Protexin than those fed control treatment (p<0.05). This decrease in pH by inclusion of essential oil and Protexin was probably due to increased ruminal propionate to acetate ratio. Addition of peppermint, thyme, cinnamon essential oils and probiotic Protexin to milk of Holstein calves had no detectable effect on the mean concentration of glucose, cholesterol, total protein, albumin, urea, aspartate-aminotransferase and alanine-aminotransferase (p> 0.05). The concentration of triglyceride in calves fed cinnamon essential oil was higher than that of other essential oils as well as probiotic Protexin (p <0.05). Inactivation of blood urea nitrogen concentration by the addition of essential oils was associated with a significant lack of ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration. Increased ammonia nitrogen levels, more than the microbial requirement, lead to absorption through the rumen wall and hepatic vein, and most of it is converted into urea in the liver and ultimately increases in blood urea concentrations, which in this study did not affect the essential oils. Different effects of Protexin on ruminal ammonia nitrogen concentration resulted in no significant blood urea nitrogen concentration.Hip width, heart girth, body barrel and wither height were not affected by the addition of essential oils, as well as probiotic supplementation (p> 0.05). However, body length and hip heights were higher in the calves fed cinnamon essential oil than the control group. The apparent digestibility of dry matter and organic matter in calves consumed cinnamon essential oil tended to increase than the control group (p=0.06 and p=0.07, respectively). The digestibility of crude protein and neutral detergent fiber was not affected by the type of essential oil and Protexin supplementation in Holstein dairy calves.

Conclusion :

Overall, essential oils especially cinnamon and probiotic Protexin may improve growth and performance by increasing daily gain and feed efficiency of Holstein dairy calves.

This research was carried out in order to investigate the effect of peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils on the performance and antibody titer of broilers. In this experiment, a total number of 240 Cobb 500 broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design with eight treatment groups. Each treatment was replicated five times with six birds per replicate. Dietary treatments included; control, 200 mg/kg virginiamycin antibiotic, 150 and 200 mg/kg peppermint, thyme and tarragon essential oils. Chickens fed diets supplemented with antibiotic and 200 mg/kg thyme essential oil had significantly higher daily weight gain in comparison to control diet at the period of 21-42 days and 1- 42 days. Feed conversion ratio in birds fed the diets supplemented with 200 mg/kg peppermint essential oil and antibiotic was significantly improved in comparison to control diet. The highest ileum length and the best antibody titer against bronchitis and Gumboro in 42 days old chickens were recorded in150 mg/kg tarragon essential oil, 200 and 150 mg/kg peppermint essential oils, respectively. Therefore, it is recommended to supplement 200 mg/kg peppermint or thyme essential oils instead of dietary antibiotics in order to improve performance and antibody titer in broilers.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of adding spearmint and dill essence on performance, growth and blood metabolites of Kordi fattening lambs. In this experiment, 30 male lambs were used in a completely randomized design over a 9-weak trial with three treatments and 10 replicants. Treatments were included: 1) control without essence, 2) containing 0.025% Mentha spicata (spearmint) essence and 3) containing 0.025% Anethum graveolens (Dill) essence. Blood samples at 1, 3, 5, 7 and 9 and rumen fluid at 3, 5 and 7 weak of study were collected from five lamb of each treatment and skeletal growth indices including wither height, rump height, chest girth, body lenght and hip to hip lenght were measured also. The result showed that among skeletal growth indices only wither height between dill and spaermint treatment ( 60.80 and 62.4 cm, respectively) and chest girth among control, dill and spaermint treatments (76, 72.8 and 74.2 cm, respectively) had significant difference. Blood cholestrol singnificantly decreased in dill and spaermint treatment compared to control (51, 51.66 and 58 mg/dl, respectively). Treatments had no significant effect on other blood metabolites and performance growth. Generally, results of this study showed that adding of spearmint and dill essence did not have considerable effect on porformance and growth of fattening lambs.

The application of medicinal herbs has a meaningful importance in human health because of their compounds have the minimal side effects on human body. This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of peppermint powdered extract, orange flower extract and neomycin on Heat Shock Protein (HSP70) gene expression and some blood parameters of broilers chickens under heat stress conditions.
In this study, 120 one – day old Ross 308 broiler chicks have been used. The research has been performed during 6 weeks in a completely randomized design (CRD) with and 4 treatments 3 replicates and 10 chicks per each replicate. The experimental treatments include: control treatment, peppermint powdered extract )2 % of feed(, orange blossom extract ) 2% of the consumed water( and neomycin antibiotic (0.2 g/kg of feed). The relative gene expression of heat shock protein 70 )HSP70( and some blood parameters have been examined in the blood.
The highest concentration of triglyceride was observed in orange blossom extract treatment (P The findings of this research suggested that the medicinal herbs namely peppermint and orange blossom extract are capable to control the negative effect of heat stress on chicken performance.

The present experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of four medicinal plants mallow (Malva neglecta L.), nettle (Urticaceae dioica L.), summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) and peppermint (Menta piperita L.) on performance, carcass characteristics and biochemical and hematological parameters of broilers. Two hundred and eighty broiler chicks (Ross 308) in a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replicates and 14 chicks in each replicate were used. Treatments were control (no use of medicinal plants) and groups with 2% of mallow, nettle, summer savory and peppermint. Experimental results showed that the amount of daily feed intake, daily weight gain and feed conversion ratio in treatments receiving 2% of the medicinal plants had no significant difference with control group. Treatments had no affects on carcass composition. Hematocrit, hemoglobin, white blood cells, heterophils, lymphocytes, and the heterophil to lymphocyte ratio were not affected by treatments. However, the highest count of red blood cells was related to summer savory which it had significant difference compared to others (P

This study was conducted to investigate the comparative effects of prebiotic, probiotic and different levels of peppermint on the growth performance and serum biochemical parameters of broiler chickens. A total of 192 one-d-old male broiler chicks (ROSS 308) were randomly allocated to 6 treatment groups, with 4 replicates (8 birds per replicate) in a randomized block design. Experimental treatments consisted of the basal diet without any additives (control diet), and the basal diet supplemented with prebiotic, probiotic or three levels of peppermint (10, 15 and 25 g/kg). The results showed that the feeding different levels of peppermint significantly reduced feed intake during the whole experimental period (P <0.05). In the finisher period, the highest body weight gain was observed in the chicks fed diet supplemented with different levels of peppermint and the best feed conversion ratio were found in the chicks fed diets containing 15 and 25 g/kg peppermint (P<0.05). There were no significant differences in serum levels of glucose, total protein and HDL-cholesterol among dietary treatments. However, all experimental diets decreased the serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels compared with control diet (P<0.05). Additionally, LDL-cholesterol levels were significantly lower in the birds fed different levels of peppermint compared with control birds (P<0.05). The results of the present study suggest that different levels of peppermint could promote growth and health benefits compared with control diets and from an economic perspective, the level of 15g/kg of peppermint can be considered as an alternative to antibiotic growth-promoters in broiler production.

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of mint powder added to diet with different levels of wheat on performance، microbial population and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens. A total of 384 Ross male broiler chickens were used in a completely randomized design in a 4×2 factorial arrangement with 4 replicates (floor pens) and 12 birds each. Birds were fed diets containing two levels of ground mint (0 and 2%) and four levels of wheat (0، 10، 15 and 20%) during 7- 42 days of age. The results indicated that supplementation of mint powder and dietary wheat levels had no significant effect on body weight، gain، feed intake، feed conversion ratio and carcass characteristics of broiler chickens during experimental period. Feeding diets supplemented with mint powder did not significantly affect the length of small and large intestines. Broilers fed diets supplemented with mint powder had significantly lower total aerobic bacterial count as well as coliform count in the ileal contents. However، the number of lactobacilli was not significantly affected by the mint supplement. Significantly interaction between mint powder and wheat was observed in ileum microflora، total aerobic bacteria، coliforms، and lactobacillus.

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of using of zizaphora (Thymyus valgaris), peppermint (Lamiaceae menthapiperita), menta pulagum (Oreganum valgare) medicinal plants on performance, egg quality, blood and immunity parameters of laying hens. This experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design with 288 of Hy line (W-36) laying hens in 8 treatments and 3 replicates (with 12 hens in each replicate) for 12 weeks from 38- 50 weeks of laying period and included: 1) control group without using any medical plants, group 2) using 2% of zizaphora, group 3) using 2% of peppermint, group 4) using 2% of menta pulagum, group 5) using 2% of (zizaphora and peppermint), group 6) using 2% of (zizaphora and menta pulagum), group 7) using 2% of (peppermint and menta pulagum) and finally group 8) using 2% of menta pulagum. The results showed that the use of different medical plants mix had significant effects on performance, and egg quality of laying hens (p<0.05). The highest amount of egg production percent (86.5), egg mass (51.15 g) and better feed conversion (1.99) were observed in group four with using 2% of menta pulagum and the highest amount of feed intake (102.79 g) was observed with using 2% of peppermint whereas the highest haugh unit (92.35) and yolk color index (4) were observed in group four with using 2% of menta pulagum and the lowest level of triglyceride (1163 mg.dl) was observed in group three with using 2% of Lamiaceae menthapiperita.