family support

Students with learning disabilities may face challenges associated with their condition, which could contribute to engaging in risky behaviors.

This study aimed to investigate the effects of family functioning and cognitive failure in predicting high-risk behaviors among students with a history of learning disabilities.

The statistical population of this descriptive-correlational study included all high school students with a history of learning disabilities in Ahvaz, Iran, in 2023. Convenience sampling with informed consent was employed to select 158 high school students with a history of learning disabilities as the research sample. Data were collected using the High-Risk Behavior Scale, Family Functioning Questionnaire, and Cognitive Failure Questionnaire. Pearson’s correlation coefficient and stepwise regression were used for data analysis.

The results indicated a significant negative relationship between family functioning and high-risk behaviors (r = -0.41, P < 0.001). Conversely, there was a significant positive relationship between cognitive failure and high-risk behaviors (r = 0.49, P < 0.001). Family functioning and cognitive failure together predicted 29.4% of the variance in students' high-risk behaviors.

These findings suggest that family functioning and cognitive abilities are important factors to consider in understanding high-risk behaviors. Further research using longitudinal or experimental designs is needed to explore the causal relationships between these variables.

Diabetes is a disease that the main factors are lifestyle-related, such as diet and activity habits. The risk of the disease will increase in individuals with uncontrolled hypertension, lack of exercise/physical activity, and an unhealthy lifestyle. Most type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) patients still have difficulty in self-management. Motivational interviewing and family support help improve self-management for sufferers. The present study was performed with aim to determine the effectiveness of motivational interviewing and support for self-management in patients with type 2 DM. This quasi-experimental study with a pre-post-test design was conducted on 60 participants in Bulango Health Center, Gorontalo Province, Indonesia from April to August 2023. The research tool was the DSMQ (Diabetes Self-Management Questionnaire). The subjects were divided into two intervention groups: motivational interviewing (n=30) and family support (n=30). The difference in self-management scores in each group was evaluated using the bivariate analysis. There was a significant difference in self-management scores between the motivational interviewing group, an average increase of 9.8 points (p<0.001), and the family support group, an average increase of 6.8 points (p<0.001). Motivational interviewing is significantly more effective than family support in improving self-management in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.Implications for Practice: Motivational interviewing and family support can be recommended as an independent action in nursing care services for type 2 DM patients.

Toddlers are one of the groups vulnerable to malnutrition, often associated with prolonged deficiencies in protein and energy. Stunting is a chronic malnutrition issue that results in a child failing to grow adequately compared to others in the same age range. From 2019 to 2022, there were 80 villages identified as stunting loci in Maros Regency, spread across 23 sub-districts, including the Marusu Health Center work area. Factors contributing to stunting include mothers’ knowledge and behavior, poor feeding attitudes, and economic challenges. The purpose of this research was to analyze the connections between knowledge, attitudes, actions, family support, the role of cadre integrated health posts, food resilience, digital parenting, and the cultural practices of mothers with toddlers in the Marusu Health Center area.

This quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted on 341 mothers of toddlers selected using the total sampling technique. Data collection involved a combination of interviews, observations, and questionnaires. The analysis process involved three techniques, including univariate analysis, bivariate analysis, and multivariate analysis.

None of the investigated factors exhibited a statistically significant correlation with stunting in the Marusu Health Center area. The Chi-Square test showed no significant relationships between knowledge (p=0.805), maternal attitudes (p=0.942), maternal practices (p=0.726), family support (p=0.942), the role of health service post cadres (p=1.000), food security (p=0.632), digital parenting (p=0.378), and cultural factors (p=0.812).

There is no statistically significant relationship between knowledge, attitudes, actions, family support, the role of integrated service post, food security, digital parenting, and cultural influences and the incidence of stunting in the Marusu Health Center region.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, with an ongoing increase in the number of TB cases and deaths each year. This rise is largely attributed to high dropout rates from treatment due to non-adherence. Family support plays a crucial role in enhancing TB treatment adherence. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between emotional, appreciation, informational, and instrumental support from family members and the level of treatment adherence among TB patients in Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatera Province, Indonesia, in 2022. A cross-sectional study was conducted involving 150 TB patients who were randomly selected from Deli Serdang Regency, Indonesia, in 2022. Data were collected using a valid Likert scale questionnaire to evaluate the emotional, appreciation, informational, and instrumental support received from family members, as well as treatment adherence among TB patients. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed using SPSS version 21. Among the respondents, 62% were male, 55.3% had a high level of education, and 70% were over 35 years old. The analysis revealed that only instrumental support did not show a significant effect (P=0.072), whereas emotional (P=0.001), appreciation (P=0.001), and informational (P=0.002) support had significant impacts on treatment adherence. The multivariate analysis indicated that only emotional support (P=0.044, OR=3.2, 95% CI: 1.0-9.8) and appreciation support (P=0.021, OR=4.5, 95% CI: 1.3-15.9) significantly influenced TB patients' adherence to their treatment. While appreciation support has a greater influence than emotional support on treatment adherence in TB patients, it is essential for healthcare providers and families to offer all types of support to enhance treatment adherence among these patients.

Mental disorders, particularly schizophrenia, present significant challenges in modern medical and psychological sciences. Addressing these disorders effectively requires not only technical expertise but also continuous, strong family support. Despite the crucial role of familial support in maintaining treatment continuity for individuals with schizophrenia, this area faces numerous challenges that demand in-depth examination and strategic intervention.

This study explores the challenges involved in sustaining familial support for individuals with schizophrenia.

This qualitative study employed content analysis and gathered data through semi-structured interviews with 20 families of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia and healthcare professionals at Roozbeh Psychiatric Hospital in Tehran, Iran. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, and data analysis followed the conventional content analysis principles of Lundman and Graneheim.

The analysis identified four main categories: (1) the nature of the disease; (2) care burden; (3) cultural barriers; and (4) challenges within the healthcare system.

Providing effective family support requires technical expertise in schizophrenia care, alongside ongoing policy measures aimed at addressing obstacles and enhancing familial involvement. These findings offer valuable insights for improving family support programs and mental health policies to better serve individuals with schizophrenia, thus contributing to overall community mental health.

Uterine and Cervical cancer survivors face challenges like the disruption of emotionaland sexual relationships, struggle to maintain sexual life and intimacy, and the possibility ofdivorce. The study aimed to determine the effect of group counseling based on couples’ constructivecommunication on perceived spousal support in uterine and cervical cancer survivors. A randomized controlled trial on 40 women who survived uterine and cervical cancer wererecruited using convenience sampling and then randomly allocated to a couple-based constructivecommunication intervention group and a routine cancer center care control group from June 2019 toMarch 2020 in Motahhari and Imam Khomeini hospitals in Urmia. The intervention group was involvedin a group counseling session weekly for 5 weeks, regarding constructive couple communication skills.Perceived spouse support was assessed using the sources of social support scale which has 4 subscalesinformational, instrumental, emotional, and negative support before and one week after the end of theintervention in both groups. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 through Independentand paired t-tests, Mann-Whitney U test, Wilcoxon, chi-square, and ANCOVA. P value<0.05 wasconsidered statistically significant. The effect of the intervention was statistically significant in reducing negative support inthe intervention group (2.70±0.80) in comparison with the control group (3.40±1.04) (P=0.03). It wasalso statistically significant in increasing informational support (3.45±0.71 vs. 2.15±0.80, P<0.001),instrumental support (3.15±0.58 vs. 2.85±0.74, P<0.001), and emotional support (19.40±1.60 vs.16.10±2.10, P<0.001). Group counseling based on couple constructive communication increased perceivedspousal support in uterine and cervical cancer survivorsTrial Registration Number: IRCT20150125020778N22.

This review aimed to synthesize intervention models involving the role of adolescent and family support as part of comprehensive care to improve self-efficacy and self-management among adolescents with Diabetes Mellitus (DM).

A review was conducted to conform to Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses Extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) standards. We searched PubMed, Research Gate, Science Direct, Cochrane Library databases, and grey literature. We included articles exploring family intervention models on improving self-efficacy and self-management among adolescents with DM, published from January 1, 2009, to June 30, 2022, and in English. Articles were declared eligible, reviewed critically, and then synthesized narratively.

We identified 487 abstracts and title records from the initial search and excluded 409 irrelevant studies. Sixty-six full-text articles were screened, and nine were included in the synthesis. Five articles presented findings from using models focusing on child and adolescent intervention, while in the remaining four articles, the intervention models involved adolescents and their caregivers or parents. Only two models provide comprehensive care that requires collaboration among healthcare providers, patients, and families. Adolescent self-efficacy and self-management schemes as intermediary variables are closely related to everything that can influence health behavior, metabolic control, and quality of life for adolescents, which requires support from a multidisciplinary collaborative team.

Excellent comprehensive care team collaboration involving family support is essential to increase the self-efficacy and self-management of adolescents with DM.

The family is a support system in the service system for schizophrenia patients. Family-based psychological training for people suffering from auditory hallucinations has not yet been implemented, and no attention has been paid to auditory hallucination nursing. This study aimed to determine the effect of psycho-education enrichment on the family's ability to control hallucinations in Schizophrenia patients.
Materials &

This study is a pre-experimental study with a one-group pre-test and post-test design. From a total of 1343 families of people suffering from auditory hallucinations, 30 people were selected by simple random sampling from Jambi Mental Hospital. The psycho-educational activity was conducted for three sessions of 90-120 minutes. All collected data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test.

The mean age of the study participants was 45.2±13.6 years. After the intervention, the mean scores of knowledge (p<0.001), attitude (p<0.010), and skill (p<0.001) of participants significantly increased in the post-test compared to the pre-test.

Psycho-education interventions can improve the ability of families to control auditory hallucinations in family members with schizophrenia as part of nursing interventions.

Diabetes foot is a complication of diabetes mellitus that can be avoided by practicing proper foot care. This behavior is influenced by factors such as self-efficacy and family support. The presence of communication and language barriers between healthcare providers and patients with diabetes mellitus leads to difficulties in understanding diabetes education, which ultimately hinders self-care. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of a community health worker intervention program on the self-efficacy and family support of patients with diabetes regarding foot care.
Materials &

This quasi-experimental study with pre-test and post-test design with a control group was conducted on 72 diabetes mellitus patients who were in the working area of the Lempake Primary Health Care Center, Samarinda City. The respondents were selected by purposive sampling method and divided into two groups, including the intervention group (n=36) and the control group (n=36). Data were collected using Foot Care Confident Scale and Family Support Questionnaire and were analyzed by Statistical tests.

There was a significant difference in the mean score of family support in the intervention group compared to the control group (p=0.01). Meanwhile, for self-efficacy, there was no significant difference between the two groups (p=0.48). However, significant differences were observed in self-efficacy and family support before and after the intervention (p<0.05). Whereas in the control group, there was no significant difference in self-efficacy and family support (p>0.05).

Community health worker intervention programs can increase family support and self-efficacy of diabetes mellitus patients in foot care.

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection reduces its victims' quality of life (QoL). Generally, hepatitis-C patients seem to face decreased social, family, and friends support and a social phobia that lowers their QoL and emotional state. There is a need to pay special attention to hepatitis-C patients' emotional and social needs.

This study aimed to investigate the impact of social support, family, and education on the quality of life of hepatitis drug users.

This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 144 male drug users (72 people in each intervention and control group) with hepatitis C referring to two Drop-in Centers covered by the Welfare Organization in Isfahan, Iran, in 2017 - 2018. Convenience sampling was used in this study, and the sample size was determined to be 72 subjects in both groups, and through tossing a coin, drop-in-center no. 1 was selected as the intervention group and the drop-in-center no. 2 as the control group. Those in the intervention group were divided into six 12-person groups and were invited to participate in a supportive-educational program with a family member. A self-administered questionnaire measuring demographic characteristics, high-risk behaviors, the status of hepatitis C, and SF-36 for determining the QoL was completed by participants in both intervention and control groups before and after the intervention.

The mean QoL score and changes in this score during the three times of measurements were significantly different between the two groups. However, after the intervention, the mean total QoL score in the intervention group (71.32 (16.15)) was significantly higher than the control group (48.22 (25.81)) (P < 0.05).

Educational programs with a strong emphasis on family support and companionship can improve some dimensions of the QoL in patients with HCV.

Hypertension is a major global health problem and a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. An unhealthy lifestyle can increase the risk of hypertension and psychological disorders, thereby heightening the risk of cardiovascular disease.

The study aimed to evaluate the effects of lifestyle education on depression, anxiety, stress, and perceived family support among hypertensive patients undergoing coronary angioplasty.

This randomized clinical trial recruited 60 hypertensive patients undergoing angioplasty at the coronary care units of an educational hospital in Isfahan, Iran, in 2015. Then, 30 subjects were randomly allocated to each intervention and control group. The patients in the intervention group and their family members were provided with group lifestyle education in six sessions held in three successive weeks, accompanied by one-month follow-up telephone contacts. Data were collected before, immediately after, and one month after the intervention using a demographic questionnaire, the 21-item Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale with Cronbach’s alpha values of 0.80, 0.83, and 0.87, and a researcher-made family support questionnaire. Data analysis was done using the paired-sample t, independent-sample t, chi-square, Mann-Whitney U, and repeated-measures analysis of variance tests.

The study groups did not significantly differ respecting demographic characteristics, and the pretest mean scores of depression, anxiety, stress, and perceived family support (P > 0.05). However, significant between-group differences were observed at both posttests, respecting the mean scores of depression, anxiety, stress, and perceived family support (P < 0.05). Moreover, while these mean scores did not significantly change in the control group (P > 0.05), the mean scores of depression, anxiety, and stress significantly decreased, and the mean score of perceived family support significantly increased in the intervention group across the three measurements (P < 0.05).

Lifestyle education effectively reduced depression, anxiety, and stress and improved perceived family support among patients with hypertension and angioplasty. Nurses can use such interventions to improve patient outcomes.

Aims Covid-19 infected patients are necessarily treated under isolation procedure in health facilities. However, those who have clinically mild symptomps are recommended to self-isolate. This study aims to explore the experiences of Covid-19 survivors who underwent self-isolation from the beginning of infection until declared cured. Participant and Method Phenomenological design study was used in this qualitative research to describe the experiences of Covid-19 survivors who were under self-isolation in Semarang, from the beginning of infection until declared cured. Data was collected using semi-structured in-depth interviews through offline and online methods. Findings   Positive thinking and the support of family and companion motivated them to survive in self-isolation condition. Environmental stigma was the most undesirable obstacle felt by the Covid-19 survivors during self-isolation at home. Covid-19 survivors experiencing clinically mild symptoms tended to distrust the media because the media provides frightening information about Covid-19. Conclusion Positive thinking and family support are the successful key of self-isolation. Media can be used responsibly to reduce stigma and to support Covid-19 sufferers who are undergoing self-isolation.

Population aging refers to the increase in number and percentage of older population aged 60 yr and above, and at the same time, decreasing in number and percentage of the young population aged 15 yr old and below. Starting in developed countries, population aging has now become a distinctive demographic phenomenon in developing countries. Nowadays developing countries have become the home to the largest proportion of older people in the world. This paper aimed to analyze the impact of population aging in Malaysia.

We employed a secondary data analysis related to the impact of population aging in Malaysia. In analyzing the data, the paper detailed, segmented, coded and, formulated the text into themes through a thematic approach. The themes that emerged from the data were family changes, migration of youth, support and care, health problems, financial security as well as housing problems. These emerged themes mapped the shared patterns of the impacts of the population aging.

With the increasing of the older population in Malaysia, there are various impacts of population aging emerged, particularly in terms of family changes, youth migration to cities, support and care, health, financial security and housing. The discussion in this article is revolved around these impacts.

The growth of older people and the impact emerging from it has certain policy implications for the government of the country. Thus, the government needs to prepare for adequate policies and resources for future older people.