Military

The militaries has historically played a crucial role in addressing the disasters in the countries of the world. This study aimed to examine the involvement of armed forces in health management and disaster response.

This field study comprised five phases: formulating the research question, defining the study parameters, selecting relevant research, analyzing the data, and summarizing the findings. We conducted a literature search for articles published between 1980 and 2023 in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and other gray literature. The search focused on titles, abstracts, and keywords.

A total of 22,518 studies were identified from scientific databases, along with 62 studies from other sources. After removing duplicates, 6,348 studies remained. Of these, 38 studies were deemed relevant to the research purpose, ultimately resulting in the selection of 8 studies for the final analysis. The Army Health and Treatment System encompasses various activities during disasters, including Factors, Scope, Preparedness, Response, Responsibility, Evacuation of the Wounded, Rescue and Referral System.

The findings indicate that the role of the military in managing health and disaster response is essential. Moreover, the capacities of the army can be leveraged for more effective disaster management.

We aimed to examine the distribution of all types of musculoskeletal diseases and then to estimate the direct and indirect costs caused by these complaints among soldiers and non-soldiers’ employees in military.

We recruited all patients referred with musculoskeletal complaints who were admitted to the rheumatology, orthopedics and neurosurgery committees of 501 army hospital from 2013 to 2015. The cost of diagnostic procedures was calculated based on the data of records and the cost of treatment for each complaint was estimated by calculating the average cost of treatment plans proposed by two physical medicine and rheumatology specialists. Indirect costs due to leave and reduced working time and hospitalization and disability were estimated and added to the direct cost.

2116 patients with an average age of 25.84 ± 8.17 years were examined. 1252 people were soldiers and 864 people were non-soldiers. Fracture (301 cases), lumbar disc bulges and herniation (303 cases), and geno varus/geno valgus (257 cases) were three most common complaints. The most damaged site were lower limbs and spine. In total, 4,120 person-days of absence were estimated for these people annually, and the annual economic effect was calculated to be 1,713,903,120 Tomans.

Musculoskeletal diseases are one of the prevalent health and economic problems in military. Therefore, application of diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and considering the cost & benefit law to reduce the economic burden and disability should be among the priorities of the Army University to prevent and save health costs.

Serving in the military environment can lead to profound psychological and social implications. This study aimed to explore the risk and protective factors influencing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in military veterans and soldiers.

This research involved a systematic search across international and national databases, as well as the Iranian Medical Science Articles Database, using keywords such as post-traumatic stress disorder, soldier, veteran, prevalence, mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, psychological distress, trauma, military, and war.

The studies review revealed a PTSD prevalence ranging from 2% to 57% among soldiers and veterans. Common issues among those affected included depression, anxiety, trauma, coping mechanisms, personality traits, stress, cognitive challenges, sexual dysfunction, emotional conflicts, substance abuse, and marital difficulties. Optimism, self-esteem, quality of life, resilience, social support, spirituality, and mental well-being were identified as factors significantly mitigating PTSD symptoms in soldiers and veterans.

The research findings underscore the critical role of psychological, behavioral, social, and emotional factors in the development and exacerbation of PTSD in military personnel. Given the occupational context of soldiers and military personnel, proactive measures are essential to identify high-risk groups and prevent widespread psychological disorders.

Nurses working in military hospitals are exposed to stress such as personal limitations, being forced to respond, worrying about the moment of an accident and facing crises. The purpose of this research is to study was of exercise strategies among military nurses.

The research method is descriptive, analytical, and practical in terms of purpose. The method of data collection includes library studies, Delphi method and finally researcher-made questionnaire. The study population of this study were nurses working in 14 military hospitals in Tehran. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.88. Descriptive statistics and Kolmogorov-Smirnov tests, the comparison of the mean of a community and Friedman were used to analyze the data. ,

The results showed that the strategies of recreational sports among military nurses are in the position of defensive strategy (WT) and the most important strength of recreational sports is the existence of interest in sports among military nurses and the most important weakness. There is a lack of sports equipment and per capita. One of the most important opportunities is the existence of medical sciences universities and one of the most important threats is the disproportionate share of the budget. ,

for the defensive situation of military nurses training, strategies should be developed to minimize the damage caused by threats and weaknesses, the Ministry of Health and Medicine with the help of related ministries to strengthen the strengths and reduce the weaknesses for growth

Standard functional-movement screening tests can be one of the predictors of musculoskeletal injuries in military forces. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between functional-movement screening test scores and abnormalities and function of the upper limbs of military personnel.

The present study is correlational. The statistical population of this research was all military personnel working in one of the headquarters military centers in 2022. Forty people were selected purposefully after a public call. Checkerboard, New York Test Questionnaire and Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand Questionnaire (DASH) were used to measure upper body stature abnormalities. Then, all subjects performed seven Functional Movement Screen (FMS) test. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient test by SPSS 22 software.

The average age of the participants was 30.30±4.47 years, and their body mass index was 23.80±6.12. There was a relatively strong negative relationship between the score obtained from the FMS test and the occurrence of the hump (p=0.001; r=-0.624) and head forward (r=-0.588; p=0.001) posture abnormalities. There was a significant, negative, and moderate correlation between the score obtained from the FMS test and the disabilities of the arm, shoulder, and hand (DASH) questionnaire (p=0.003; r=-0.358).

In the present study, there was a strong and moderate negative correlation between the total score of the FMS test and some of the upper body posture abnormalities. It seems that the scores of the FMS test are affected by structural-stature complications in the upper body organs. On the other hand, based on the FMS and DASH scores, it can be argued that upper body stature abnormalities make a person more vulnerable to injury.

Huge developments in the field of science and technology have led to changes in military science and technology, increasing the possibility of unconventional wars. Historically, military nurses have been essential during wars and other disasters. It is important to increase the awareness of military nurses on the front line of facing and dealing with such events, and first of all, the training of military nursing students. Effectiveness in enhancing nurses’ capabilities during crises involves selecting suitable educational methods. Aja University of Medical Sciences utilizes familiarization tours as a new educational approach to enhance students’ empowerment in Chemical, Biological, Radiological, and Nuclear warfare. This method has shown positive results. Show desired results improve learning and strengthen theoretical Knowledge.

Soldiers and veterans with higher psychological vulnerability may be more affected by military and war conditions and show suicidal thoughts and self-harm than others. In this regard, the present study investigated the relationship between mental health and thoughts and behaviors related to suicide among military personnel.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and systematic review in terms of data collection. In the current research, by using specialized keywords search, suicidal thoughts, suicidal behavior, soldier, veteran, post-traumatic stress, mental health, depression, anxiety, stress, self-harm, violence, military, and war in the base. English databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI, Scopus, and ScienceDirect and also the scientific database of academic jihad (SID), the country's journals database (Magiran), and the database of Iranian medical science articles were searched. After searching for keywords, the statistical population of this study was 764 Persian and English articles published in 2011 (from February) to 2022 (until July). After removing the articles not related to the research objectives, 51 articles were included and fully reviewed according to the PRISMA model.

Investigations have shown the existence of widespread psychological disorders such as post-traumatic stress, depression, anxiety, trauma, fear, stress, social stigma, low sleep quality, lack of social support, moral injury, low resilience, personality disorders, impulsivity, smoking, and alcohol addiction among military personnel had thoughts and behaviors related to suicide. Also, young age, male gender, low education, being single, poor economic status, family history, length of service, and military rank were among the demographic factors influencing the increasing thoughts and behaviors related to suicide among military personnel. According to the studies, having cognitive flexibility, resilience, social support, and spiritual and mental health can significantly reduce the number of thoughts and behaviors related to suicide in military personnel.

Considering that military personnel face various stressful and anxiety-provoking events during their lives, it is necessary to have good mental health. In this context, psychology and counseling centers of military barracks should regularly examine and screen thoughts and behaviors related to suicide to provide appropriate psychological interventions if necessary.

Working at different levels of the military may cause a person not to follow moral standards properly, so it is necessary to use efficient tools to detect the signs of moral injury. In this regard, the present study was conducted to investigate the psychometric properties of the Persian version of the scale of moral injury symptoms in a military unit. This study was a descriptive evaluation consisting of 402 soldiers of a military unit in Tehran in 2022-2023, who were selected by the available sampling method. Soldiers completed a demographic checklist, moral injury symptom scale (MISS), post-traumatic stress disorder scale (PTSD), and mental health scale (MHC-SF). The psychometric properties of the moral injury symptoms scale were analyzed by confirmatory factor analysis test and Cronbach's alpha coefficient in SPSS version 24 and R software version 4.1 at a significance level of 0.05. The content validity of the questionnaire items was found to be satisfactory in terms of quality. The factor analysis results indicated the existence of a ten-factor structure for the scale of moral injury symptoms. The RMSEA of the model was equal to 0.04 and the SRMR index was equal to 0.07, indicating the model's appropriateness. The calculated values of other indices (GFI, CFI, NFI, NNFI, and IFI) were 0.96, 0.98, 0.95, 0.98, and 0.97 respectively, which indicates the acceptability of the model. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also 0.96. The findings indicate the construct validity and acceptable validity of the moral injury symptoms scale in the military and the structure of this scale can be used to screen the moral injury symptoms in the military and soldiers.

Although the Seljuk period in Iran had many political and social ups and downs, due to the inclination of most of the kings of this dynasty to science, the scientific situation of Iran flourished during this period. So that according to researchers, this period is considered a unique era in the history of Islamic civilization and culture. In this article, the situation of translation sciences during the Seljuk period has been investigated.

The library research method and its type is analytical-descriptive.

The results of the research show that the education of many elders and officials with sufficient grace and courtesy in the field of transferable sciences, as a result of the encouragement and support of Seljuk sultans and ministers, and the neglect of rational sciences and the stagnation of these sciences are the reasons for paying attention to sciences. It was copied during the rule of the Seljuks.

One of the reasons for the growth of translational sciences in the Seljuk period was the multiplicity of religions, sects, and the conflicting opinions of these differences and their differences and conflicts have created valuable works in the field of translational sciences. The number of scholars and scholars of transliteration, which was the result of attention to transliteration in this period, led to the creation of precious works in various fields of transliteration, including tazkira, interpretation, mysticism, literary sciences, etc.

Bioterrorism is an important health and social issue in the world. This research was conducted with the aim of determining the knowledge and attitude of students regarding bioterrorism in a military medical science university.

This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2021. The study population included all students studying at a university of military medical sciences in Tehran, Iran. A sample size of 300 students was calculated and demographic data were recorded. The data collection tool was the standard questionnaire of students' knowledge and attitude regarding bioterrorism.

The mean and standard deviation of students' knowledge and attitude scores regarding bioterrorism were 8.15±2.11 and 12.35±2.35, respectively. Low knowledge and attitude were reported in 63 and 72 percent of students, respectively. The mean score in the domain of decontamination and maintenance of bioterrorism victims was 3.56 and in the domain of factors causing bioterrorism was 1.25. The most important sources of students' information about bioterrorism were radio and television, followed by newspapers and magazines.

Low knowledge in students about bioterrorism can increase the probability of risks related to bioterrorist attacks. Therefore, educational programs and workshops about bioterrorism for students can be effective in increasing the level of students' knowledge and attitude.

Considering the nature of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the military profession, challenges in the effectiveness of psychological interventions on the symptoms of the disorder and sustainable recovery have been reported among the military population. The present research aims to identify effective psychological interventions for PTSD symptoms and compare their effectiveness as first-line therapy (trauma-focused) and second-line therapy (non-trauma-focused).

The systematic review method has been performed in the present research. Related studies from 2010-2022 were reviewed and 41 qualifying studies were selected. The database included Elmnet, Magiran, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Science Direct, PsycINFO, and SID.

Focused first-line interventions included therapies based on mindfulness, cognitive-behavioral, long-term exposure, cognitive processing, and eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR), which were applied in clinical trials. Other non-trauma-focused therapies had a significant effect on improving PTSD symptoms compared to the wait group. The risk of bias was low in clinical trials and higher in non-trauma-focused therapies. Nevertheless, when the conventional therapies and second-line therapies were performed on the control group, the effectiveness was often equal or with insignificant differences. Including continuous and intensive individual, written, online, and home-based sessions, particularly the integration of non-trauma-focused therapies played a special part in the effectiveness of interventions and reducing the dropout rate.

The first-line interventions to treat PTSD also have their pros and cons. Changes can be made to resolve these challenges, including the homogenization of subjects, shorter intervals between sessions, integration of the conventional and non-trauma focused therapies, using writing tools and smart phones, personalized interventions, and trust in second-line therapies in terms of clinical trials