Analysis of Article: Muhammad (s)

The present article consists of two parts:Part one is a summary the article, Muhammad (s), authored by Jewish Uri Rubin and published in Encyclopaedia of the Qur’ān. The following consist of the main components of his article: A brief introduction on the Prophet (s), analysis of his names and appellations, discourse on revelation and Qur’an, the objectives of the Divine message, dissemination of the Divine message, the creed of the Prophet (s), his status compared to other prophets, his relationship with believers and unbelievers, the Qur’an and the Prophet’s lifestyle in the Meccan and Medinan eras. The author’s methodology in this article is systematic presentation of verses and inferences. Part 2 consists of an analysis of positive and negative points of the article. Some criticisms raised against the article are related to its structure whereas others are related to its content. Content criticisms include misunderstandings of the pronunciation and apparent meaning of verses, errors in interpreting verses, incorrect reasoning, conclusions and critiques on historical evidence. The main problems of the article are use of weak sources, bias and incorrect preconceptions, and unbelief in holiness and spirituality of the Prophet (s). Finally, this issue is elucidated based on authentic Qur’anic, Narrative, exegetic and historical evidence.