The effect of environmental factors on the Prehistoric sites in the southern Zayandeh- Rud by using the Pearson correlation

One of the important purposes of Archaeology, is studying the interaction of humans with the environment: This paper is trying to focus on and analyze the role of natural, geographical, and environmental factors in the appearance of human settlements in Neolithic and Chalcolithic, of Laran County. Laran County is located in the Southern branch of the Zayandeh- Rud Rive and Due to the potential environmental and geographical conditions has caused appropriate human settlements are formed in different periods. Because of this area is located in a mountainous area, has a cold weather, with abundant rainfall and for this reason, landscape is causing many environmental constraints. Subsistence ways of the people in this region are agriculture and livestock. This area is now the number of Bakhtiari nomad's countryside come to this area in summer.
The study of this part of the Zagros, as one of the important areas is located in the between two central plateau region of Khuzestan, And the natural environment role in shape, continuity or the collapse of archaeological sites is one of the gaps that needs to research in the studies of this area. Therefore, our records of the changes of the region in different periods of prehistory and its mode of relationship with other environment are incomplete. In this study, is used a total of 19 Neolithic and chalcolithic sites have been identified of the 2010 survey in the Laran county. Identify sites in the study were analyzed by using descriptive and analytical methods and by using GIS and SPSS software. In this study, the extent of the archaeological sites as the dependent variable And environmental conditions, such as distance and proximity to water resources and communication paths, vegetation type, slope direction, slope degree and altitude were considered as independent variables. The reasons for the lack of Correlation or correlation archaeological sites back to the relationship between man and environment that creates a special kind of the landscape. According to the results of the correlation is determined that the height above sea level, the seasonal water and vegetation resources have more impact as compared to other factors And others factors such as slope direction, slope degree, distance from communication routes and Permanent sources of water are very low. The overall results of this study suggest that Neolithic and chalcolithic sites in the Laran County are Low depended to environmental factors and this suggests that these sites are used seasonally.This area is high and has a cool climate and these factors have created special and different conditions, forming human settlements similar to other areas in Zagros Highland. According to the above, we must ask which one life style is that the height, seasonal water sources and pasture vegetation plays an important role for human life. What characterized that in the Neolithic and Chalcolithic period, way of life in the region is similar to todays and life style has been nomadic pastoralist that is still ongoing.
Key Word: Neolithic and Chalcolithic, Zayandeh- Rud Southern area, Laran County, Pearson correlation, environmental factors