Role of Nutrigenetics in Controlling Inflammation and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors: A Narrative Review

Introduction and purpose: There are several important factors for prevention of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Out of all, diet modification has a great amount of efficacy. However, the genetic differences in individuals make diet effects dissimilar in various people. In fact, the difference in metabolic responses of individuals to foods due to different genotypes is known as noregenetics. Nutrigenomics represents a suitable approach to CVD prevention and treatment through optimization of individuals’ dietary intakes based on genotype. This review study was conducted to investigate the most important polymorphisms associated with CVD risk factors. To this end, the English articles related to polymorphism and expression of the genes involved in CVDs and inflammation having been published since 2000 were searched in Pubmed, Science direct, Google scholar.The search process was accomplished using the following keywords: “Nutrigenetics”, “Gene”, “Polymorphism”, “Diet therapy”, and “Cardiovascular disease”. Understanding the interaction of genes and nutrients requires tools for the study of Nitrigenomics, Noregenetics, and phenotypic characteristics. The human genome project revealed small changes in single polymorphism Nucleotide is called Single-nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPS) and it's happening in the genes. These changes in the genotype cause a change in function due to the activation of the gene.In a review of studies, it was found that SNPS not only clearly affects the level of cytokine production in humans; But also plays a very close role in mortality in a wide range of diseases. In the present study, the most important polymorphisms associated with risk factors for cardiovascular disease are discussed. Therefore, from the perspective of health, knowledge in the field of prevention and treatment of diseases, heart arteries, and general dietary recommendations can be applied to each particular genotype group.