RNAi: applications and challenges from bioinformatics and medical science aspects

Small non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) have acquired various functions in plant and animal’s development. These riboregulators moderate the growth and development through regulation of other genes at the transcriptional, post-transcriptional and translational levels. Basically, these genes act through DNA regulation levels like methylation, conversion of euchromatin to heterochromatin and at other levels they act through mRNA target cleavage or inhibition of translation. RNA interference is a sequence-specific gene silencing phenomenon in which small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) can trigger gene transcriptional and posttranscriptional silencing. Given the critical role of these molecules in biological systems, understanding the mechanism of gene silencing in cells can be very helpful in theoretical and practical aspects. In addition, application of these molecules in genetics and specific drug design is highly dependent on binformatics. This review provides a basic explanation of miRNA bioinformatics and their therapeutic challenges. Bioinformatics progress in the development of computational methods to analyze and discover small RNA Noncoding in oncology using high throughput sequencing technologies has been demonstrated. Interfering RNA recognition and awareness of their performance and the identification of the target requires the use of bioinformatics. Access to methods for identification, design and delivery of interfering RNA, can be promising for Development of next-generation drugs in the near future.