FACTORS EVOLVING APPROACHES IN WESTERN QUR'ANIC STUDIES

Throughout their history, Western Qur'anic studies have been motivated by a variety of cultural, political, and religious factors. The historical study of the change and evolution of approaches and its factors, which has a great impact on comprehension and better understanding the course of Western Islamic and Qur'anic studies, which have been neglected in the research of Islamic scholars. This article aims to explain the historical evolution of approaches in the study of different historical periods of Westerners and its most important factors, using library research method.The present article examines the changes in the approach of Western Qur'anic studies in the six historical periods and has highlighted the most important approaches of each period with the factors of its emergence and change and has concluded that the dominant approach of these studies since the beginning of the seventhe until the seventeenth centuries, due to various religious factors, such as the fanaticism and independence of church studies, such as the threat of the Ottoman Empire, defeat in the crusades and cultural wars, such as the lack of knowledge of Islam and the Koran and the lack of intellectual development, were highly controversial and critical. Then their forms of general criticism were changed into the specialized one, preserving the early content of their criticism. However, the dominant approach of their Qur'anic studies since the eighteenth century has been influenced by factors contrary to earlier, scientific, and linguistic factors, and still retains their scientific authenticity except in the brief period of the first half of the nineteenth century which was diminished by the prevailing colonial approach.