Presenting the Process-Oriented Model of Outbreak of Aggression and Its Controlling Framework in Football Spectators

The aim of the present study was to analyze and model the underlying and preventive procedures of aggression among football spectators in Iran football stadiums. Method of this study was correlation and 5955 spectators of all premier league teams were included in the survey (in the midst of the second half-season 2014-2015). A researcher-made questionnaire including four main variables (managerial, performance, context and aggression) (64 items) was used. The questionnaire was designed based on the review of the related literature and interview with experts. Its validity was evaluated by 12 experts and factor analysis (fit index) and it reliability was considered as appropriate by Cronbach’s alpha (0.91). To analyze data, Friedman test (SPSS), structural equations modeling (Amos) and conceptual analysis (systematic pattern) were used. The path analysis of the relationships among the variables showed that the managerial procedure had significant effects on the performance, context and outbreak of aggression procedures (coefficients of 0.74, 0.66 and 0.55 respectively).  Also, the effect of context procedure was significant on the performance and outbreak of aggression procedures (coefficients of 0.88 and 0.71 respectively). Based on the results, it is suggested that controlling systems of spectators' aggression should pay consequence-oriented attention towards behavioral contexts, process-oriented attention towards performance contexts, and predictive-oriented attention towards managerial contexts in football events.