The need to establish a general preventive, diagnostic and therapeutic guideline for opium-lead intoxica

The prevalence of opium consumption has known to be significant in Iran which involves healthy individuals other than associated patients.

The consumption of opium resulted from several factors such as traditional beliefs on its analgesic effects or in some chronic illnesses. Furthermore, the geographic situation of problematic neighbors is a culprit for this issue. Legislative measures and increased opium costs have led to the adulteration of opium. Lead is one of the most frequently used adulterants which has significantly led to opium lead intoxication.

The increasing number of patients with lead poisoning is a concern that raise the need to perform high-quality studies and to provide effective preventive and diagnostic guidelines.