Effect of foliar application and top dressing fertilizer on yield and yield components of bread wheat cultivars in dryland and supplemental irrigation condition in Kermanshah region

Sufficient nutrition on crop is one of the most important factors for improving wheat grain yield and quality. To evaluate the effect of Nitrogen (urea) by different foliar application treatments and top dressing fertilizer on yield and yield components of wheat, a strip split plot design based on RCBD with three replicates was conducted under rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions during two cropping seasons 2016-17 and 2017-18. Experimental treatments were: A: control (without application of N), foliar application of urea during booting, booting + grain filling and grain filling stages in main plot, B: different wheat cultivars including in sub plots, C: top dressing fertilizer including application and non-application (control) in strip factor were considered. Based on combined-ANOVA, the effect of year under rainfed condition was significant for grain yield, biological yield, number of grain per spike, number of spike/m2, harvest index and spike length. Application of N as top dressing fertilizer had significant effect on all studied traits in both rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions. Also, foliar application of N in the all three stages increased BY, GY, 1000-grain weight, NGPS and SL. In terms of GY under rainfed conditions, Paraw cultivar had the most grain yield and yield components with the highest biological yield. Under supplemental irrigation condition, Baran cultivar had the highest grain yield, while Azar-2 produced the lowest gain yield in both rainfed and supplemental irrigation conditions.