Identification of gene locations affecting germination components in the Iranian recombinant inbred lines of rice ( Oryza sativa L.) under different drought and salinity stresses

In order to locate the QTLs associated with germination stresses and determine the contribution of each QTL in phenotypic variation, traits of 74 individuals RIL F8 of crosses of Ahlemi Tarom × Neda. The study was conducted at the University of Gonbad Kavous in 2017. The linkage map was based on 40 SSR markers, 16 ISSR markers (with 76 polymorph alleles), two IRAP markers (7 polymorph alleles) and an iPBS marker (with 3 polymorph alleles) assigned the markers to 12 groups of 12 rice chromosomes with a map length of 1491 cM and a distance between flanked markers of 13.07 cM. The components of germination including germination percentage, coleoptile length, radicle length and plumule length were recorded. Under normal conditions, nine genetic locations were detected. For the length of the roots of five genetic locations on chromosomes 3, 5, 6 and 7, and for the length of the stem, four gene locations were located on chromosomes 1, 5 and 7. Two genetic locations were detected in mannitol for Cleoptil length on chromosome 6. For the root length of the seven QTLs, they were located on chromosomes 3, 4, 6 and 7. For stem length, four gene locations were detected on chromosomes 4 and 6, which justified 8 to 11 percent of the phenotypic variation of the trait. Two genetic locations for root length were detected on chromosomes 5 and 8, while qRASA-8 was able to justify 14.9% of the phenotypic changes of the trait. There were also six genetic locations for stem length, which were located on chromosomes 5, 7 and 8, respectively: 8.75, 9.5, 11.25, 9.8, 13.6 and 15.7% respectively phenotypic changes justify the attribute. In the drought stress condition of polyethylene glycol, a gene site was detected for germination percentage on chromosome 2 and at 78 centimeters from the beginning of the chromosome, which justifies 10.3% of the phenotypic variation of the trait.