The effect of intramuscular injection of cyanocobalamin-iron dextran (cyanoferin) on primary parameters of hemogram and serum minerals in 20-day-old with pica goat kids

Background and Purpose:

Pica is a metabolic disorder characterized by frequently signs such as licking surfaces, lickling walls, licking body cover of other animals, feeding non-nutrients and lacking nutritional value such as soil, wool, hair, bone, walls, wood, plaster, bark, Stools, carcasses and urine of other animals. Pica has side effects like reduces growth rate, weakening body resistance to infections due to weakened immune system, dental damage, electrolyte imbalance, formation of trichobezoar in the reticulorumen and abomasum, occurrence of some toxicities such as lead poisoning, gastrointestinal impaction with foreign substances, esophageal perforation, intestinal obstruction, and botulism. Pica has been reported in human, calf, sheep, cattle, camel, pig, cat, mice and lamb. Precise etiology for Pica has not been reported even in humans, but it has been linked to deficiencies in phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper and other minerals. Cyanoferin is one of the common drug in Iran's livestock industry and manufactured by Nasr Pharmaceutical Company (Fariman, Torbat Jam, Khorasan Razavi, Iran). Each milliliter of this drug contains 100 mg of dextran iron and 100 µg of cobalamine. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of intramuscular injection of cyanocobalamin-iron dextran (cyanoferin) on primary parameters of hemogram and serum minerals in 20-day-old with pica goat kids.

Based on previous studies, the appropriate sample size for the study was determined. Ten 20-day-old male and female mixed-breed goat kids with Pica and ten 20-day-old male and female mixed-breed goat kids without Pica were selected from Baseri goat farm in Ahovan area of Semnan, Iran. In this selection, detection of goat kids with Pica was performed by observing the goat kids in the sheepfold for 4 days, and the goat kids repeatedly showing the eating behavior of the sheepfold wall and licking the manger and surfaces, considered to with Pica. Then, under sterile conditions, 5 ml of blood was taken from each goat kids jagular vein and immediately 1 ml of this blood was poured into a sterile heparinized tube and the remaining 4 ml poured into a tube without anticoagulant. These samples were transferred to the laboratory of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in Semnan University in the vicinity of ice for 2 hours, where their hemogram indices and serum mineral concentrations were measured immediately. The tests revealed that goat kids with Pica only suffer from iron deficiency and anemia. The without pica goat kids received isotonic saline treatment (a deep intramuscular injection, 3 ml) and the with pica goat kids received cyanoferin treatment (a deep intramuscular injection, 3 ml). Ten days after treatment, hemogram indices and serum mineral concentrations of all under experiment goat kids were measured. SPSS software version 22 was used for statistical analysis. Repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey post hoc test at 95% confidence level were used to investigate the differences between the groups.

In patients with Pica blood PCV, MCV and Hb and serum iron was less than nonpatients, significantly (p=0/001). Treatment with cyanoferin increased the blood PCV (p=0/002), MCV (p=0/001) and Hb (p=0/001) and serum iron levels (p=0/001), significantly and Pica was treated in patients. The most important consequence of iron deficiency in the body is anemia because more than half of the body's iron is found in hemoglobin and relatively lower amounts are found in myoglobin and the enzymes involved in oxidative metabolism. Ruminant infants, such as calves, lambs and goat kids require large amounts of iron to build components such as hemoglobin, myoglobin, and enzymes involved in cellular respiration due to their high daily growth coefficient. Despite these infants' high need for iron, their mother milk is iron deficient. Thus, ruminant infants who fed only milk and have a low liver stock of iron are at high risk for iron deficiency anemia. In the of sheep and goats herds of the United States and Europe, lamb and goat kids IDA (iron deficiency anemia) is a very important serious phenomenon, so that in these countries, 24 hours after birth, by injecting a 300 mg of dextran iron into lambs and goats, They counteract with this phenomenon and prevent the occurrence of iron deficiency. It has been shown that this amount of dextran iron administration improves blood status and weight gain at times and in lambs and goat kids.

The present study showed that iron deficiency anemia is related with Pica in 20-day-old goat kids and this pica was treated with an intramuscular injection of 3 ml of cyanoferin (300 mg of dextran iron plus 300 µg of cobalamin). It is recommended to evaluate the effect of oral and parenteral iron supplementation on parameters such as appetite, feed intake, weight gain, growth rate, immune status and lymphocyte defense in goat kids.