The modulating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship of Brain Activation and Inhibition Systems with opioid craving

Substance abuse disorder is a chronic disease which has adverse effects on various psychological, social and physical aspects of individuals' lives. In this respect, examining the psychological variables associated with substance abuse disorder can help to better understand this disorder and effectively manage and reduce opioid craving in patients. The aim of the present study was to investigate the moderating role of early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between brain activation and inhibition systems; and opioid craving.

In this descriptive-correlational study, a sample of 150 male patients with substance abuse disorder were selected by purposive sampling method and considering exclusion and inclusion criteria. The participants were asked to fill out the short form of Young Schema Questionnaire (YSQ-SF), Behavioral Activation and Inhibition Systems Scale (BAS/BIS), and Heroin Craving Questionnaire (HCQ-45). Stepwise regression was used to analyze the data.

Results indicated that brain activation and inhibition systems were respectively positively and negatively associated with opioid craving (p<.05). Additionally, early maladaptive schemas were found to be positively correlated with craving (p<.01). No moderating role was found regarding the early maladaptive schemas in the relationship between brain activation and inhibition systems; and opioid craving.

According to the findings, brain activation and inhibition systems are one of the predicting factors of the opioid craving. Thus, the present study suggests that brain activation and inhibition systems should be taken into account in developing intervention and relapse prevention programs.