The Protective Effects of Nanoparticles in the Treatment of Nervous System Injuries: A Narrative Review

Background and Objectives Nervous system damage causes many economic costs annually. Although many efforts have been made to treat these injuries, nerves are not yet completely regenerated. Primary damage to the nervous system is followed by a series of events such as inflammation, increased oxidative stress, and the spread of damage. Oxidative stress caused by an imbalance between the production of free radicals and metabolic reactions can damage mitochondria, proteins, cell membrane structures, and adipose tissue, andover time causes damage and disease of nerves system. Nerve cells need a lot of oxygen and antioxidants, so low levels of antioxidants or an excessive increase in the production of free radicals can exacerbate the damage. The use of synthetic or natural antioxidants is necessary to prevent oxidative stress and its destructive effects. In this regard, nanoparticles with long half-lives can be promising in the treatment of diseases of the nervous system. Therefore, the biological use of nanoparticles, as a new therapeutic approach that is still in its infancy, has been emphasized in the treatment of diseases and lesions of the nervous system. Therefore, the aim of this article was to determine the protective effects of nanoparticles in the treatment of nervous system lesions.