Complex and Chaotic International Systems and a New Theory of Network Defence Diplomacy

Defense diplomacy has bourn with military power, which must use it in diplomacy in times of war and peace. Due to the international system's turn into a complex and chaotic pattern, power as the central dynamic of defense diplomacy has changed to a networked model. Structural, process, construction, and algorithmic complexity are the main defining features of it. With the emergence of nonlinear international systems and related theoretical debates, the International Relations literature has severe backwardness in explaining defense diplomacy's analytical apparatus. Therefore this fundamental question has been raised as the present study's direct engagement: how the defense diplomacy analytical apparatus conceptually will be reconstructed based on the Principles and foundations of complex and chaotic systems theory. In response to this question, and using the abduction method, which emphasizes the emerging facts and finding the best explanation for them, this article presents multi-layered network defense diplomacy as an innovative concept in the international relations literature. This concept envisions it as a multi-layered network with a core consisting of unit-based control systems. Other control systems that will deploy on these are support systems. All these form a single control system with a functional linkage between its layers, which operates in a hybrid model.