Analyzing of the trends and scattered spatial pattern in District 22 of Tehran

The aim of this study was to investigate the unbalanced urban growth using quantitative models. The quantitative indicators used in this study included relative entropy, Morans index, Gini coefficient, Holdern model and Vertical-to-Horizontal Growth (VHG) index. The current research method was comparative analytical and applied-developmental. In this study, scattered urban using various quantitative criteria such as Shannon entropy, Gini coefficient, Moran index, Holdern model and VHG index were examined. The entropy of the population in 2018 was 0.96 and compared to 2011 has increased and is closer to one. Therefore, the entropy of 2018 compared to 2011 showed a greater dispersion of the population in 2018. The Moran coefficient in the two time periods of 2012 and 2019 indicates the cluster aggregation pattern. Considering the total calculated coefficients, it can be said that District 22 of Tehran has a scattered pattern and its scattering pattern is not a complete unipolarity. The density in region 1 is higher than in other regions, and in other regions (2, 3, and 4) the scattering pattern is more prevalent. According to the results of the Holdern model, in the study area, urban growth was more related to population growth except for District 4. The results of VHG index showed the dominance of vertical growth in the study area. In order to effectively control urban sprawl, an integrated plan for urban land use and intensive development strategies should be developed.