Causes of Constitutional Decline in the Majd al-Eslam Kermani’s Perspective

Ahmad Majd-al-Eslam Kermani, one of the most influential Iranian journalists, and Intellectuals of the Iranian Constitution, played a significant role in educating Iranians and directing their attention to the constitution, and law. Due to the unfamiliarity of Iranians with the principles and structure of the constitution and its institutions and the view of the majority of constitutionalists and politicians who sought to redefine the constitution based on their views, Majd-al-Eslam made some of the most important efforts on the structure of the new government, explaining the issue in his four publications, titled, Nedaye Vatan, Al-Jamal, Kashkul and the Mohakemat (Trials(, as well as several books and articles. The decline of the first Iranian National Parliament and its consequences caused him to write a book on the history of the decline of the parliament, the first intellectual of the constitutional era to find the root causes of its decline; no research has been carried out his on works. Based on the method of historical research, this research explains Majdal-e-Islam's views by emphasizing the book on the history of the decline of the Majlis, Nedaye Vatan magazine and other sources in order to examine the causes of the decline of constitutionalism. Findings show that Kermani considers the lack of necessary political and social contexts in Iran and the unfamiliarity of Iranians with the components of the new government and foreign interference as the most important reasons for the decline of constitutionalism. According to him, this ignorance of the structure of the new government caused the interference of each group and institution in the work of each other, and created a fundamental difference between the three important elements of Iranian society at that time, namely, the government, the nation and the monarchy.