A strategic reflection on the concept of espionage in law Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Iran in the light of the Arab Spring

After the Arab Spring, which overthrew the lifelong regimes of the Persian Gulf countries, the alarm bells rang for the rulers of Saudi Arabia and its allies, on the one hand, regional crises and the rise of Iran's influence and power in the Middle East, especially in Syria. , Lebanon, and on the other hand, Iran's role in Yemen and Bahrain, caused great concern to the Saudi government and its affiliates about Iran's activities and increased tensions with Iran. Various countries from Bahrain, Iran, Afghanistan, Lebanon, etc. were unfairly tried on charges of espionage and links to Iran, and then sentenced to death. The question in this article is what is the strategy of punishing espionage in the countries of Saudi Arabia and Bahrain in the face of the accused of espionage, especially (sources, informants) of the intelligence services of the mentioned countries? And what will be Iran's national security strategy towards Saudi Arabia and Bahrain? The present article, using an analytical method, a library with a comparative approach, examined the existing laws and found that the legislator in all three countries did not define the crime of espionage but pointed to its examples, no crime was committed in Saudi Arabia It is issued according to Islamic Sharia law, and it is possible for a judge to interfere in the sentencing process, but in Bahrain, the crime of security has been criminalized, and the main punishment in Bahrain is the death penalty.