The morphophenological study of primary Tritipyrum lines in comparison with bread wheat and Triticale in arid climate of Yazd province

In order to study of 13 primary chromosomal recombinant lines of hexaploid Tritipyrum in comparison with seven Iranian and two Afghan bread wheat cultivars and five promising triticale lines in hot and arid climate of Yazd as spring planting was carried out as a RCBD design with four replications on the farm of Yazd University. Some morphophenological traits were evaluated. The results showed that there was a significant difference between all studied genotypes in terms of all traits. The results of phenotypic correlation coefficient showed that heading and physiological maturity day had the highest negative and significant correlation with grain number and grain weight per spike. Tritipyrum cultivars with the highest average days to the physiological maturity, due to exposure to high temperatures, had a lower height than bread wheat and Triticale cultivars. La (4B/4D)/b showed the highest mean spike length. According to the type of cultivation and climate studied although Tritipyrum lines had the highest values for spike length, but they had the lowest values for the number of grains per spike and grain weight per spike. The results of principal component analysis showed that the first component determined 73% of the total variance. It can be concluded that the traits of stem elongation, heading, dough development and days to physiological maturity had the greatest impact on diversity. The genotypes studied in this study were classified into four clusters. In the first group, 12 Tritipyrum lines were included. Five Triticale lines and eight bread wheat cultivars were placed in the third group. The two-dimensional graph obtained from principal component analysis showed that the 12 Tritipyrum lines are superior to the other studied lines and cultivars in terms of phenological traits. Bioplate analysis, while explaining 82.2% of the total changes in the first two components, showed that the primary Tritipyrum lines include ma/b، St/b، La/b and (ka/b)(cr/b)f3 can be used as superior lines for some of the measured traits in future studies.