The Impact of Economic Complexity and Globalization on Brain Drain in Selected Member Organization of Islamic Cooperation

As the knowledge-based economy expands, what can create a competitive advantage and increase international competitiveness is the increasing level of economic complexity of export products. On the other hand, one of the important prerequisites for promoting economic complexity is having a skilled and trained workforce. In the meantime, developed countries have become destinations for Brain Drain (migration of human capital) from countries that have not been successful in achieving a knowledge-based economy and producing complex products due to providing suitable conditions for using the potential of human capital in the context of globalization and achieving a knowledge-based economy. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of economic complexity on Brain Drain from selected member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation during the period 2010-2019 using the GMM (Generalized Moment of Method). The results of model estimation show that economic complexity in this regard is directly related to the brain drain. In other words, the unfavorable situation of the economic complexity of these societies, which indicates the sluggishness of the market of knowledge-based factors such as human capital and skilled labor, is a kind of repulsive factor to the country with high economic complexity. In addition, variables determining the realization of knowledge-based economy and competitiveness in the international trade such as; The Globalization Index, R&D Expenditure, and Institutional quality indicators inversely related to the rain drain to United States.