Analysis and evaluation of urban and rural society of the Safavid era with emphasis on national identity

The main purpose of this article is to study the urban and rural community of the Safavid era. With the rise of the Safavids, there was always a dynamic classification (coexistence) of dynamism between the peasant and urban nomadic communities, so much so that the Safavids redefined the social structure of Iran with an emphasis on a new religious and national identity. The whole formation of the social structure of the Safavids remains as a context in which political and national unity, civilization, social welfare, economic prosperity and cultural dynamism, and extensive relations with foreign states emerged. Of course, this description does not mean the confirmation of all aspects of the class structure of the Safavid era in the periods of the Safavid sultans, because social, economic, religious and governmental changes played a key role in creating social structure during the different Safavid rulers. According to this consideration, the question is how did the Safavids act in the political structure of their power in the social process and in the face of social classes in order to survive and perpetuate their political identity? In such a structure, the government or the king, due to the enjoyment of vast power and beyond the social classes, has always played two important functions to motivate the maintenance or development of that power, one is to maintain the social system, and the other is to strive. To change it was in a situation where such a necessity was recognized for the survival and permanence of the political structure. One of the aspects of justice is the preservation of social classes in place, and perhaps it had a duty to make a serious effort to achieve it by relying on its political authority. This concept has been widely discussed and emphasized in historical texts and policies. This research intends to study and analyze the society of Safavid Shiite state in the perspective of political, social and economic life with a descriptive-analytical method while considering the necessity of using sociological approaches in the analysis of historical phenomena and based on library sources.