EVALUATION OF THE INCIDENCE OF RENAL FAILURE AND ITS RELATED RISK FACTORS IN ADMITTED PATIENTS WITH MULTIPLE MYELOMA AT IMAM KHOMEINI UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL, URMIA, IRAN

Multiple myeloma (MM) is defined as a plasma cell dyscrasia, accounting for approximately 10% of all hematologic malignancies. The aim of this study was to evaluate renal failure occurrence in MM patients admitted to Imam Khomeini Hospital in Urmia, Iran.

In this cross-sectional study, the files of patients with multiple myeloma were examined from March 2015 to March 2020. Also, the underlying diseases involved in the occurrence of kidney failure along with related risk factors such as hypercalcemia and infection were also investigated. Finally, the study data were analyzed using SPSS version 16.

According to the obtained results, the frequency of renal failure in the patients was 42.2%. The mean age of patients was 63.7±13.10 years, with a higher rate among men. Based on paraclinical assessments, the mean serum hemoglobin level (Hb) was significantly lower in patients with renal failure (P = 0.001). Also, the amount of hypercalcemia was significantly higher in the people with kidney failure (p<0.001). Hypertension was also seen significantly more in the patients with kidney failure as an important risk factor (p=0.01). Pathological fractures in the spine and skull bones were mainly observed in these patients. There was no significant difference in the prevalence of infection, serum levels of gamma globulin, albumin, and plasma cells between patients with and without renal insufficiency.

The results of this study showed that the prevalence of renal failure was higher in the patients with multiple myeloma, and as a result, it can be considered as one of the important tissue-damaging factors with a poor prognosis. Hypertension, anemia, and hypercalcemia were important prognostic factors in the occurrence of this complication.