Study of genetic diversity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pre-breeder on farms of West Azerbaijan Province using microsatellite method

Considering the importance of evaluating genetic diversity and population structure in managing and selecting the most efficient breeders for reproduction, genetic diversity of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) pre-breeders in selected farms of West Azerbaijan province (farms 1, 2 and 3) was studied using seven pairs of microsatellite primers. For this purpose, 50 pre-breeders of each field were sampled and genomic DNA was extracted using ammonium acetate method. To observe the alleles and determine their size were used vertical electrophoresis of 6% polyacrylamide gel and silver nitrate staining. Relevant calculations were performed using Excel, INTAS GEL DOC and PopGene software. Based on the results, the highest number of real alleles (7.71) and the amount of observed heterozygosity (0.46±0.12) was observed in farm fish of No. 3 and the lowest number of real alleles (5.29±0.01) and the amount observed heterozygosity (0.34±0.08) was observed in farm fish No. 2. The highest genetic distance (0.07) and the lowest genetic similarity (0.93) were calculated between farm fish No. 3 & 1 and the lowest genetic distance (0.02) and the highest genetic similarity (0.98) were calculated between farm fish No. 2 & 1 were calculated. The highest amount of genetic differentiation (0.077) was obtained between farm fish No. 3 & 1 and the lowest amount (0.034) was obtained between farm fish No. 2 & 1. The results of molecular analysis of variance indicate the existence of significant genetic diversity differences between the fish of the studied farms (p<0.001). The results of FST test showed that the genetic differentiation between the breeding populations in this study is moderate and was evident the shift of breeders between different populations in the recent past or the use of a reference population and breeders with similar gene storage in propagation season among the studied farms. The findings of this study suggest that high mixing of populations with each other and factors such as selection and current policies of each farm may have led to a reduction in genetic diversity and differentiation between populations. The results of this study can be used to manage breeding stocks and breeding programs of this important commercial species.