A Study of the Poetic Discourses of the Poets of the Constitutional Era with an Emphasis on Adīb-al-Mamālek Farahani, Vahid Dastgerdi, and Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahar

In the midst of the Constitutional Revolution, the promotion of ideas such as freedom, oppression, respect for the rights of the people, accountability of officials, and the establishment of parliament was considered to be one of the most important demands of various sections of society. In the meantime, the poets of the constitutional era, with their political literature, became one of the most important sources of people's excitement, awakening, and oppression. In this article, the authors have tried to study and analyze the poems of Adīb-al-Mamālek Farahani, Vahid Dastgerdi, and Malek osh-Sho'arā Bahār by using a descriptive-analytical method. The hypothesis that the authors have examined in their poetry emphasizes that first, the most important political component of Vahid's poetry is patriotism. Second, the most important political component of Bahar's poetry is criticism of the general state of society, and finally, the most important political components of Adīb 's poetry are pieces of advice to rulers accompanied by criticism. Findings of the article show that political thoughts of these three poets revolve around the seven axes of homeland, unity, constitutionalism and parliament, anti-authoritarianism, denial of colonialism, freedom, and justice.