The Foundations of Hadith Criticism of Allameh Askari in Hadith and Prophetic Biography

"Allameh Seyyed Morteza Askari" is one of the prominent contemporary hadith scholars, especially in terms of criticism of historical hadith and prophetic biography. His writings shows that he pays attention to all kinds of bases in the criticism of them. In the current research, these foundations are explained under four titles, i.e. "theological", "historical", "Islamic Sciences" and "literary". Among his theological foundations are "the authority of the Qur'an and the Sunnah with the priority of the first", "the interest of all divine prophets in determining their successors", "conformity with the Sunnah of the Infallible (PBUH) is a condition for the validity of the hadiths of the companions" and "the influence of sectarian deviations". Some of his historical foundations are: "the validity of historical facts"; "belief in some predetermined plans which makes history"; "the authenticity of prophetic hadith writings from the Prophet's era" and "the influence of cultural, economic and social Data on citation". Among the scientific foundations, "the validity of interpretative sciences", "the validity of biographical evaluation", "the validity of hadith terminology" and "the need to pay attention to the rules of the hadith criticism" are important to him. Among the linguistic foundations, "the effect of paying attention to lexical and idiomatic meanings", "the effect of internal evidence and the general context of the language of the text", "the role of external evidences" and "the effectiveness of rhetorical topics" have been the bases of his hadith criticism. Each of these foundations has its own special role in refinement of hadiths, and Allameh has employed appropriate methods of criticism of hadiths based on them.