The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of aerobic, resistance, and combined exercise on serum levels of adiponectin, CTRP9 and glycemic indexes in patients with T2DM.

Sixty men with T2DM (mean age [X̅±SD]=51.45±4.26 years; body mass index: 31.52±1.01 kg/m2) were randomly assigned to combined  exercise group (CEx: n = 15), aerobic  exercise group (AEx: n = 15), resistance  exercise group (REx: n = 15), and the control group (CON: n= 15). Exercise programs consisted of aerobic exercises at either AEx (50% - 75% of HRR) and REx (40% - 80% of 1-RM), with equal volume, 3 times per week, 60 minutes per session for 12 weeks. Serum levels of adiponectin, CTRP9, fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, Insulin resistance (IR) were measured at baseline and at the end of the study. The data were analyzed using repeated-measures analysis of variance at a level less than 0.05.

After 12 weeks intervention, serum adiponectin and CTRP5 levels increased significantly, whereas the FBG, insulin, HOMA-IR and BMI levels decreased significantly in the CEx, AEx and Rex groups compared to the control group (P < .05).

  The present findings showed that 12-weeks of combined exercise has greater anti-inflammatory effects than aerobic or resistance exercise causing a significant decrease in FBG, insulin and IR and a higher increase in anti-inflammatory adipokines such as adiponectin and CTRP9 levels in T2DM.