A comparative comparison of the demographic composition and social classes of Kufa and Basra in the early Islamic centuries

The land of Iraq is located between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates, and the ancient civilizations of Sumer, Babylon, Akkad and Assyria existed in this region. The advance of the Muslims to the eastern part of the Islamic territory brought them to Iraq. They set up military camps in Iraq to deploy troops and expand their conquests, which over time became important cities. Kufa and Basra were among the military bases that took on an urban form with the establishment of social classes and religious groups. Classes that both contributed to the development of Islamic society and in some periods brought Islamic society to the brink of instability and chaos. The demographic composition and social classes living in Basra and Kufa played a major role in the political and social developments of the first Islamic centuries. Comparing the living classes in these two cities can be a way to understand their social and political performance. In this article, the demographic composition and social classes present in the two cities are studied and their bases are studied, and it answers the main question about the differences and similarities of social classes in Kufa and Basra. The research is based on descriptive-analytical method based on library research. Findings indicate that the difference in political and social