The Rise of New Leftist Governments in Latin America after The Cold War

At the beginning of the 21st century, Latin America experienced an unprecedented wave of victories by leftist presidential candidates. Turning left is a significant development in an area where strong neoliberal political and economic policies emerged after the Cold War. The main purpose of this study is to explain the various causes and factors for the emergence of new leftist governments in Latin America. The main question of this study is, "How did the new leftist governments come to power in Latin America, and what were the factors influencing the left turn in the region?". The hypothesis is that "various national, regional, and international factors have contributed to the left turn in Latin America, and the rise of these new leftist has had significant national and regional implications". The conceptual framework of this research is the World-Systems Theory of John Foran and to study the details, we have used the descriptive-analytical research method. According to the results of this study, the return of leftism in Latin America in the period 1998-2010 was due to long-term structural factors, such as inequality and institutional democracy; There have also been short-term factors such as the inefficiency of the neoliberal economic model in the region and the economic crisis of 1998-2002. The boom in basic goods after 2002 also provided the resources needed to consolidate the dominance of left-wing parties.