The theoretical foundations of the idea of excellence in contemporary Iranian political thoughtAn ontological and epistemological approach

The influence of modern ideas in Qajar era Iran gradually forced different social groups to react against this emerging cultural wave. The empirical accumulation in contemporary Iran along with the transformation that occurred during the constitutional revolution in political concepts led to the production of two general theories in facing the West and backwardness. In fact, these two theories emerged in response to three important issues of backwardness, colonialism, and tyranny. In this research, we are trying to answer the question of what is the idea of "transcendence" and what are its foundations as a competing theory of the western progressive theory in the political and social thought of contemporary Iran. Has science and epistemology benefited in the face of tyranny and colonialism? The answer to this question will be possible by identifying the angle of view, separating the cognitive factors and referring to the details of the theory of transcendence; Therefore, understanding the concepts and analyzing the trajectory of the theory of transcendence in contemporary Iranian political thought and explaining the foundations and forces affecting the formation of the theory of transcendence in the two dimensions of ontology and epistemology are among the goals of this research. In order to discuss ontology in the thought of transcendence, it is necessary to pay attention to the view of this thought about identity, Islam, the West, history and civilization. By defining and expecting these concepts, transcendental politics builds the foundation of its epistemology and by criticizing western theories, it tries to protect the independent Iranian Islamic existence against all kinds of competing intellectual systems as a grand narrative. The concepts of ontology of the thought of transcendence build their ideal model based on the criticism of three readings of religion, modernity and history.