Reinterpretation of Isfahan Safavid Garden City Based on Principles and Criteria of Landscape Sustainability

Increasing environmental problems in modern cities need to find solutions to achieve the desirable living space and reduce pollutions to reach sustainable development goals. Consideration to indigenous design principles in architecture and urban spaces is one of these solutions. Among the design patterns of traditional cities, we can name the historical garden cities of Iran, many of which in the past designed according to the natural environments and ecological contexts. Garden cities as the pre-designed cities have been in accordance with the Persian garden architecture and its design repetition on the large scale. Despite the studies on the garden city garden, this issue has never been investigated with a sustainable view. Thus, the main aim of present study is to recognize the design principles and criteria of landscape sustainability in the garden city of Isfahan in the Safavid period as a valuable and well-known example of the historical garden cities of Iran to be able to use these criteria in sustainable landscape design in today's cities. The research method is qualitative with a descriptive-analytical approach based on library documents and resources that formulates the principles and strategies of landscape sustainability and derives these principles and criteria from the garden city of Isfahan with the comparative and analytical methods. The system of irrigation and planting methods, and the result of the study on the models of landscape sustainability and recognizing the city garden of Isfahan safavid shows the compliance of this garden city's elements with the principles of landscape sustainability.