The effect of different tillage methods and herbicides on weeds control of rainfed chickpea and economic evaluation

In order to survey the efficacy of several pre-and post-emergence herbicides on weed control in the autumn cultivation of chickpeas, a split-plot experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with four replications in the Sararoud region during 2021–2022. The main plots contain two tillage systems (conventional tillage and no-tillage). The subplots include 12 herbicide treatments (Trifluralin, Trifluralin + Bethanal progress, Isoxaflutole, Isoxaflutole + Bethanal progress, Oxyfluorfen, Oxyfluorfen + Bethanal progress, Imazethapyr, Imazethapyr + Bethanal progress, Fluorochloridone, Fluorochloridone + Bethanal progress, Metribuzin, Metribuzin + Bethanal progress, and two controls (weed-free and weed-infested)). The maximum decline in weed dry weight was observed in tillage + Fluorochloridone, tillage + Isoxaflutole, tillage Oxyfluorfen, and no-tillage + Fluorochloridone at about 51%, 48%, 46%, and 45%, respectively. The greatest decrease in weed density is for tillage + Fluorochloridone and tillage + Oxyfluorfen + bethanal progress, tillage + Metribuzin + bethanal progress, tillage + Fluorochloridone + bethanal and tillage + Imazethapyr were registered with 47, 47, 43 and 40% reduction respectively. Conventional tillage reduced the density and dry weight of weeds, but this reduction was statistically significant for the dry weight of weeds. The highest yield of chickpea seeds in tillage + weeding, weeding, tillage + Trifluralin + bethanal progress, conventional tillage + Oxyfluorfen and no-tillage + Trifluralin + bethanal progress treatments are 846, 664, 528, 502 and 498 kg per hectare, respectively. The most effective herbicides in controlling weeds were Fluorochloridone, Isoxaflutole and Oxyfluorfen, and the highest yield of peas was recorded for Oxyfluorfen.