Evaluation of Bio- Monitoring and Remediation Capacities of Heavy Metals (Co, Cr, and Mn) by Some Herbaceous Species Collected From Roadside Biotype

Monitoring and remediation of metal contaminants in roadside environments is of particular importance in order to estimate, control and reduce the level of threats to humans and the biosphere. Therefore, this study was conducted to the evaluation of the ability of some herbaceous species (Cardaria draba and Achillea wilhelmsii) collected from the roadside biotype of Hamadan, west of Iran to biomonitoring the Co, Cr and Mn in 2019. In this descriptive study, a total of 63 soil samples and 126 plant samples were collected from 3 stations. After preparation and acid digestion of the samples in the laboratory, the content of elements in them was read by induced coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP). Also, bioconcentration factor (BCF), bioaccumulation (BAF), and transfer factor (TF) were calculated to evaluate the ability of plants to monitor and refine heavy metals. Statistical processing of the results was performed using SPSS statistical software. Cardaria draba had average BAF and TF values greater than 1 for cobalt and manganese and mean BCF values greater than 1 and TF less than 1 for chromium. Besides, Achillea wilhelmsii had average BAF and TF values greater than 1 for manganese and mean BCF values greater than 1 and TF less than 1 for cobalt and chromium. Based on the average content of elements in plant tissues and the average values ​​of BAF, BCF and TF of elements can be used from C. draba and A. wilhelmsii as efficient native species for monitoring and remediation of heavy metals in contaminated areas.