Challenges of social classes with the government in Safavid Iran (907-1148)

Social classes have played an important role in challenging or interacting with governments in different eras. The Safavid era was no exception to this and social classes have acted as an influential factor in political-social developments. During the Safavid era, various forces and classes had extensive relations with the power and government institutions; So that a relatively complex network of mutual relations between social classes and the central government was created. This relationship sometimes led to positive interaction with certain social groups and sometimes provided challenges between them. Based on this, the present research, relying on the descriptive-analytical method and based on library studies, seeks to investigate the challenge of social classes with the government in Safavid Iran. Therefore, the findings of the research indicate that in the Safavid era, extensive relationships were formed between the four institutions of the clergy, the people, farmers, merchants, and bureaucrats with the government. In this period, according to the conditions and the way the Safavid government was formed, which was based on a combination of tribal forces and ideological power, in the beginning, the lairds played an effective role in power, and in the later periods, with the consolidation of the power of the central government and attention to the legitimacy of the government. Attention to the scholars increased and the power of the tribes and tribes decreased and new forces entered the government. In a way, the balance of power led to the interaction and confrontation of the Safavid government with other classes and social groups.