The impact of Kurdish ethinic solidarity on Middle East security equation (2005-2020)

The resurgence of Kurdish nationalism discourse in the 21st century in the two modes of “liberation” and “racism” has politically plunged some Kurdish political parties into the abyss of practical politics. The nationalism discourse as the liberation idea in the history of the struggles of the Kurds - as the largest stateless nation among the four countries of Iran, Iraq, Turkey and Syriais of utmost importance. With the formation of the “Kurdistan Autonomous Region” in the north of Iraq, the nationalism idea was able to give objectivity to itself, and this objectification was once again carried out, this time in the north of Syria in the form of “Democratic Federation of Northern Syria”. Based on the historical data on the relations among the countries of the region and the world, and particularly on the Kurdish issue, with the objectification of the nationalism discourse in the two regions of Iraqi and Syrian Kurdistan, the attitudes of the surrounding countries towards the Kurds has changed from a “nationalism idea” to an “objectified nationalism” in the autonomous governments. In the present study, from the perspective of pervasive balance, attempts have been made to answer the question that what effect has Kurdish nationalism and the idea of having an autonomous country of Kurdistan had on the Middle East security equations? Within the framework of Anthony Smith's theoretical approach to historical sociology, the Kurds have used nationalism as an instrument to form a distinct identity and the driving force for having an independent country, and this issue has fashioned a pervasive balance in the four countries of Iran, Turkey, Iraq and Syria.