The Form and Function of the Public Sphere in the Pahlavi period; Studying the Central Role of the Heyathaaye Motalefeh Eslami and the Bazzer

This research aims to analyze the political actions of clerics and bazaars as the traditional middle class of Iran in the last years of Pahlavi rule and the reasons for the formation of the public domain by the said group; It has been written based on the framework of Habermas' public domain theory and using descriptive and analytical methods. The findings of the research indicate that 1) the public sphere in Iran is affected by important reasons such as land reforms, military dealing with critics, dealing with clerics, bazaars and common people, adjustment of Pahlavi authoritarianism and the formation of incomplete modernity; The reasons that intensified the formation of the public sphere with the leadership of clerics and marketers; 2) The function of this field included the transfer of economic and social problems to the field of politics, public participation in political matters, and the formation of public opinion in Iran during the Pahlavi period; 3) The union of traditional bazaars with clerics and the formation of a Heyathaaye Motalefeh Eslami with a central role in the events of the Islamic Revolution was the result of the opposition of the then government to the formation of the public sphere; 4) Chamber of Commerce, although it was formed under the leadership of the government and in order to fight inflation in the last years of the Pahlavi era, but since it was born from the formation of the public sphere in Iran, it became an institution to confront the dire economic