Theory of Perception (Vision) from Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq to al-Suhrawardī; an Analytical and Historical Approach

Every great philosopher, especially every epistemologist, has been concerned with perception, notably vision. This is because perception, especially vision, is the most basic, , way of contact with the outside world, and all our cognitive states are somehow related to it. Theories of perception, which center around vision, found their way from the Greco-Roman tradition into the Islamic tradition. Considerations on the matter begin with Ḥunayn ibn Isḥāq and continue with the biggest turn in the history of the problem by Avicenna and Ibn al-Haytham, until we reach al-Suhrawardī's turn. He presents a completely philosophical theory, refines his perception (vision) theory, and puts aside every bit of physics, physiology, and geometry from it. In this inquiry, we illustrate, using an analytical and historical approach, the theory of perception (vision) in Islamic world scholars from Hunain to al-Suhrawardī and show its historical development until it becomes purely philosophical. Meanwhile, the role of the sciences in this movement and the role of the interaction between science and philosophy (or other sciences) in the development of knowledge can be seen