An overview of oral and maxillofacial manifestations of vitamin D deficiency

 Vitamin D is a steroid hormone that is obtained primarily from exposure to sunlight, as well as from diet and supplements. This vitamin plays an important role in calcium phosphate homeostasis and bone turnover, and as a result, the musculoskeletal system. This vitamin is also effective in the immune system.

In this study we reviewed the related articles and books published in English between 2010 and 2023 in PubMed, Medline, and Google Scholar and searched the Scopus databases electronically using the keywords "vitamin D", "teeth", "oral manifestations", "Vitamin D deficiency" and "Dentistry".

 By reviewing related articles about the role of vitamin D in different structures of the body, including oral cavity, and the effects of its deficiency in the occurrence of diseases and the use of its supplements in the recovery of diseases, it seems  that this vitamin plays a significant role in the oral health and the immunity. There are conflicting results regarding the effect of vitamin D on external root resorption in orthodontics and Sjogren's syndrome. Hence, clinical trial studies are required for confirmation.