Envelopment, A new approach in post-development

Society needs models to improve social and economic status for a better life and people have a better life. Since the 1950s, under the development discourse, various approaches have emerged and tried to improve the conditions of societies. The results of such patterns have different consequences. Each society has been influenced by these different approaches to development due to its historical and social characteristics. The modernization approach, the dependency theory, the ECLA School, and many other approaches are included in this range. In response to the devastating consequences of development, various alternatives have emerged. The present study, with a theoretical approach, seeks to examine the patterns of developmental discourse and its alternative discourse. Discourse has clarified the boundary between theoretical currents and the boundary between development and post-development currents has been determined based on the discourse approach. In fact, the history of the formation of the development discourse and the reactions to it have been clarified, and the latest approach in the post-development discourse has been described. The following results have also been obtained: 1-Development discourse consists of concepts such as westernization, economy orientation, growth orientation and imposition.2- Post-development is seen as an alternative to development, and the Envelopment approach is the latest approach to this platform.3- Post-development and ecosocialism are also in line Envelopment, but they are limited and uniaxial.4- Due to the consequences of development, the adoption of a Envelopment approach has been considered justified so that each society can flourish based on its internal capabilities. The Envelopment approach relies on the internal capacities of people such as NGOs.